Fabrication technique for replaceable optical corrective elements

ABSTRACT

Exemplary methods, systems and components enable an enhanced direct-viewing optical device to include customized adjustments that accommodate various optical aberrations of a current user. A real-time adjustment of transformable optical elements is sometimes based on predetermined corrective optical parameters associated with a current user. Customized optical elements are incorporated with the direct-viewing optical device to produce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil. Possible transformable or replacement optical elements may have refractive and/or reflective and/or diffractive and/or transmissive characteristics that are selected based on current performance viewing factors for a given field of view of the direct-viewing device. Some embodiments enable dynamic repositioning and/or transformation of corrective optical elements responsive to a detected shift of a tracked gaze direction of a current user. Replacement corrective optical elements may be fabricated for current usage or retained in inventory for possible future usage in the direct-viewing device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is related to and claims the benefit of theearliest available effective filing date(s) from the following listedapplication(s) (the “Related Applications”) (e.g., claims earliestavailable priority dates for other than provisional patent applicationsor claims benefits under 35 USC §119(e) for provisional patentapplications, for any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent,etc. applications of the Related Application(s)). All subject matter ofthe Related Applications and of any and all parent, grandparent,great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Applications,including any priority claims, is incorporated herein by reference tothe extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

-   -   For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the        present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S.        patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled CUSTOMIZED USER        OPTIONS FOR OPTICAL DEVICE, naming Kenneth G. Caldeira, Peter L.        Hagelstein, Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y. Jung, Jordin T. Kare,        Nathan P. Myhrvold, John Brian Pendry, David Schurig,        Clarence T. Tegreene, Charles Whitmer, Lowell L. Wood, Jr. as        inventors, Attorney Docket 0408-009-005-000000 filed 29 Feb.        2012, which is currently co-pending or is an application of        which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the        benefit of the filing date.    -   For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the        present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S.        patent application Ser. No. 13/374,533 entitled OPTICAL DEVICE        WITH ACTIVE USER-BASED ABERRATION CORRECTION, naming Kenneth G.        Caldeira, Peter L. Hagelstein, Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y.        Jung, Jordin T. Kare, Nathan P. Myhrvold, John Brian Pendry,        David Schurig, Clarence T. Tegreene, Charles Whitmer, Lowell L.        Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 29 Dec. 2011, which is currently        co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending        application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.    -   For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the        present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S.        patent application Ser. No. 13/374,520 entitled ADJUSTABLE        OPTICS FOR ONGOING VIEWING CORRECTION, naming Kenneth G.        Caldeira, Peter L. Hagelstein, Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y.        Jung, Jordin T. Kare, Nathan P. Myhrvold, John Brian Pendry,        David Schurig, Clarence T. Tegreene, Charles Whitmer, Lowell L.        Wood, Jr. as inventors, filed 29 Dec. 2011, which is currently        co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending        application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.    -   For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the        present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S.        patent application Ser. No. 13/374,517 entitled CORRECTIVE        ALIGNMENT OPTICS FOR OPTICAL DEVICE, naming Kenneth G. Caldeira,        Peter L. Hagelstein, Roderick A. Hyde, Edward K. Y. Jung,        Jordin T. Kare, Nathan P. Myhrvold, John Brian Pendry, David        Schurig, Clarence T. Tegreene, Charles Whitmer, Lowell L. Wood,        Jr. as inventors, filed 29 Dec. 2011, which is currently        co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending        application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

The United States Patent Office (USPTO) has published a notice to theeffect that the USPTO's computer programs require that patent applicantsreference both a serial number and indicate whether an application is acontinuation, continuation-in-part, or divisional of a parentapplication. Stephen G. Kunin, Benefit of Prior-Filed Application, USPTOOfficial Gazette Mar. 18, 2003. The present Applicant Entity(hereinafter “Applicant”) has provided above a specific reference to theapplication(s) from which priority is being claimed as recited bystatute. Applicant understands that the statute is unambiguous in itsspecific reference language and does not require either a serial numberor any characterization, such as “continuation” or“continuation-in-part,” for claiming priority to U.S. patentapplications. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Applicant understands thatthe USPTO's computer programs have certain data entry requirements, andhence Applicant has provided designation(s) of a relationship betweenthe present application and its parent application(s) as set forthabove, but expressly points out that such designation(s) are not to beconstrued in any way as any type of commentary and/or admission as towhether or not the present application contains any new matter inaddition to the matter of its parent application(s).

BACKGROUND

The present application relates to methods, devices, apparatus andsystems regarding corrective optical components adapted for use with adirect-viewing optical device.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, an exemplary fabrication method for replaceablecorrective elements in a direct-viewing optical device may includecreating a passive optical corrective element in accordance withinstallation specifications that facilitate its removable insertion asan operative component in a particular direct-viewing optical device,obtaining informational data regarding customized corrective opticalparameters correlated with an approved user of the particulardirect-viewing optical device, and processing the obtained informationaldata in a manner that enables a fabrication unit to incorporate suchcustomized corrective optical parameters in the passive opticalcorrective element.

In one or more various aspects, related systems and apparatus includebut are not limited to circuitry and/or programming for effecting theherein-referenced method aspects; the circuitry and/or programming canbe virtually any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmwareconfigured to effect the herein-referenced method aspects depending uponthe design choices of the system designer.

In another aspect, an exemplary system includes but is not limited tocomputerized components regarding corrective optical elements and/ordirect-viewing optical devices, which system has the capability toimplement the various process features disclosed herein. Examples ofvarious system and apparatus aspects are described in the claims,drawings, and text forming a part of the present disclosure.

Some exemplary fabrication techniques and systems for replaceablecorrective elements in a direct-viewing optical device may include afabrication unit configured to create a passive optical correctiveelement in accordance with installation specifications that facilitateits removable insertion as an operative component in a particulardirect-viewing optical device, an interface module that is adapted toreceive informational data regarding customized corrective opticalparameters correlated with an approved user of the particulardirect-viewing optical device, and a communication link between theinterface module and the fabrication unit to enable incorporating suchcustomized corrective optical parameters in the passive opticalcorrective element created by the fabrication unit.

In a further aspect, a computer program product may includecomputer-readable media having encoded instructions for executing afabrication method for replaceable corrective elements in adirect-viewing optical device, wherein the method includes creating apassive optical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications that facilitate its removable insertion as an operativecomponent in a particular direct-viewing optical device, obtaininginformational data regarding customized corrective optical parameterscorrelated with an approved user of the particular direct-viewingoptical device, and processing the obtained informational data to enableincorporation of such customized corrective optical parameters in thepassive optical corrective element.

In addition to the foregoing, various other method and/or system and/orprogram product aspects are set forth and described in the teachingssuch as text (e.g., claims and/or detailed description) and/or drawingsof the present disclosure.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be inany way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments,and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and featureswill become apparent by reference to the drawings and the followingdetailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating exemplary embodimentfeatures for adjustable optics incorporated in a direct-viewing opticaldevice.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating exemplary features foranother adjustable optics embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating corrective optical datarecords that are accessible to several direct-viewing optical devices.

FIGS. 4-5 are schematic block diagrams illustrating additional examplesof adjustable optical embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a high level flow chart that shows exemplary method aspectsfor providing enhanced acuity in a direct-viewing optical device.

FIGS. 7-14 are detailed flow charts illustrating further exemplarymethod aspects for adjustable optical embodiments.

FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic flow chart for exemplary computer-readablemedia embodiment features.

FIG. 16 shows a representative data table regarding adjustablecorrective aspects for given performance viewing factors.

FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram illustrating various aspects ofobtaining and processing different types of optical device viewingparameters.

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram showing examples of data processingtechniques for adjusting transformable optical elements in differentoptical devices.

FIG. 19 is a high level flow chart showing exemplary method aspectsregarding optical corrections based on optical device viewingparameters.

FIGS. 20-28 are detailed flow charts illustrating additional exemplarymethod aspects applicable to optical device viewing parameters.

FIG. 29 is a diagrammatic flow chart for further exemplarycomputer-readable media embodiment features.

FIG. 30 is a schematic block diagram illustrating adjustable opticalenhancements based on tracked gaze directions of a current user of adirect-viewing optical device.

FIG. 31 is a high level flow chart showing exemplary method aspectsregarding optical alignment corrections for a direct-viewing device.

FIGS. 32-37 are detailed flow charts illustrating additional exemplarymethod aspects for adjustable optical alignment corrections.

FIG. 38 is a diagrammatic flow chart for further exemplarycomputer-readable media embodiment features.

FIG. 39 is a schematic block diagram illustrating predetermined opticalcorrective parameters that are accessible to one or more direct-viewingoptical devices.

FIG. 40 shows representative data table records regarding predeterminedoptical corrective parameters.

FIG. 41 is a high level flow chart showing exemplary method aspectsregarding adjustment of transformable optical elements in accordancewith predetermined optical corrective parameters.

FIGS. 42-47 are detailed flow charts illustrating additional exemplarymethod aspects regarding customized adjustment of transformable opticalelements.

FIG. 48 shows representative data records regarding prefabricatedcorrective optical elements capable of replacement in a direct-viewingoptical device.

FIG. 49 is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiment featuresincorporated in an exemplary inventory system for prefabricatedcorrective optical elements.

FIG. 50 is a high level flow chart that shows exemplary method aspectsfor incorporating prefabricated corrective optical elements in adirect-viewing optical device.

FIGS. 51-57 are detailed flow charts illustrating further exemplarymethod aspects for usage of interchangeable corrective optical elementsin a direct-viewing optical device.

FIG. 58 is a diagrammatic flow chart for exemplary computer-readablemedia embodiment features.

FIGS. 59 and 60 are schematic block diagrams illustrating embodimentfeatures for fabrication of replaceable optical elements thatincorporate customized corrective optical parameters.

FIG. 61 is another schematic block diagram showing various examples ofdirect-viewing optical devices capable of removable insertion of passiveoptical corrective elements.

FIG. 62 is a high level flow chart that shows exemplary method aspectsfor fabricating replaceable corrective elements adapted for adirect-viewing optical device.

FIGS. 63-66 are detailed flow charts illustrating additional exemplarymethod aspects regarding fabrication of the replaceable correctiveelements.

FIG. 67 a diagrammatic flow chart for exemplary computer-readable mediaembodiment features.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, reference is made to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings,similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless contextdictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in thedetailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting.Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made,without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matterpresented here.

Those having skill in the art will recognize that the state of the arthas progressed to the point where there is little distinction leftbetween hardware, software, and/or firmware implementations of aspectsof systems; the use of hardware, software, and/or firmware is generally(but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardwareand software can become significant) a design choice representing costvs. efficiency tradeoffs. Those having skill in the art will appreciatethat there are various vehicles by which processes and/or systems and/orother technologies described herein can be effected (e.g., hardware,software, and/or firmware), and that the preferred vehicle will varywith the context in which the processes and/or systems and/or othertechnologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determinesthat speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for amainly hardware and/or firmware vehicle; alternatively, if flexibilityis paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly softwareimplementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt forsome combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Hence, thereare several possible vehicles by which the processes and/or devicesand/or other technologies described herein may be effected, none ofwhich is inherently superior to the other in that any vehicle to beutilized is a choice dependent upon the context in which the vehiclewill be deployed and the specific concerns (e.g., speed, flexibility, orpredictability) of the implementer, any of which may vary. Those skilledin the art will recognize that optical aspects of implementations willtypically employ optically-oriented hardware, software, and or firmware.

In some implementations described herein, logic and similarimplementations may include software or other control structures.Electronic circuitry, for example, may have one or more paths ofelectrical current constructed and arranged to implement variousfunctions as described herein. In some implementations, one or moremedia may be configured to bear a device-detectable implementation whensuch media hold or transmit device detectable instructions operable toperform as described herein. In some variants, for example,implementations may include an update or modification of existingsoftware or firmware, or of gate arrays or programmable hardware, suchas by performing a reception of or a transmission of one or moreinstructions in relation to one or more operations described herein.Alternatively or additionally, in some variants, an implementation mayinclude special-purpose hardware, software, firmware components, and/orgeneral-purpose components executing or otherwise invokingspecial-purpose components. Specifications or other implementations maybe transmitted by one or more instances of tangible transmission mediaas described herein, optionally by packet transmission or otherwise bypassing through distributed media at various times.

Alternatively or additionally, implementations may include executing aspecial-purpose instruction sequence or invoking circuitry for enabling,triggering, coordinating, requesting, or otherwise causing one or moreoccurrences of virtually any functional operations described herein. Insome variants, operational or other logical descriptions herein may beexpressed as source code and compiled or otherwise invoked as anexecutable instruction sequence. In some contexts, for example,implementations may be provided, in whole or in part, by source code,such as C++, or other code sequences.

In other implementations, source or other code implementation, usingcommercially available and/or techniques in the art, may becompiled/implemented/translated/converted into a high-level descriptorlanguage (e.g., initially implementing described technologies in C orC++ programming language and thereafter converting the programminglanguage implementation into a logic-synthesizable languageimplementation, a hardware description language implementation, ahardware design simulation implementation, and/or other such similarmode(s) of expression). For example, some or all of a logical expression(e.g., computer programming language implementation) may be manifestedas a Verilog-type hardware description (e.g., via Hardware DescriptionLanguage (HDL) and/or Very High Speed Integrated Circuit HardwareDescriptor Language (VHDL)) or other circuitry model which may then beused to create a physical implementation having hardware (e.g., anApplication Specific Integrated Circuit). Those skilled in the art willrecognize how to obtain, configure, and optimize suitable transmissionor computational elements, material supplies, actuators, or otherstructures in light of these teachings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a direct-viewingoptical device such as optical instrument 100 having a customizedeyepiece 105 configured with one or more transformable optical elements115 to enhance viewing acuity for an eye 110 of a current user. Otheroptical elements may also be incorporated with the optical instrument100 to achieve a desired clear field of view of a target object 112under various lighting conditions such as artificial illumination 113.Examples of such other optical elements are shown symbolically in theeyepiece 105 (e.g., see refractive lens 106) and also in an opticalinstrument body 101 (e.g., see aperture 102, diffractive lens 103,refractive lens 104) to provide operative visual coupling with thetransformable optical elements 115. In some instances the transformableoptical element 115 may include an element having variable chromaticaberration properties, and/or other aberration properties.

A control module 120 may be connected via a communication link (e.g.,see electrical link 129) to the transformable optical elements 115 andprovides customized adjustment in accordance with optical correctiveparameters associated with the current user. In that regard such opticalcorrective parameters and/or their respective user aberrations may beaccessible via a data receiver 122 from external data records 125 forprocessing by the control module 120 in a manner to achieve an optimumoptical wavefront at an exit pupil (see representation of approximateexit plane 108) of the optical instrument 100.

A user interface 126 together with authorization module 127 are adaptedto recognize identity of the current user. The control module 120includes circuitry and/or software that is configured to cause thetransformable optical elements 115 to be adjusted based on appropriateoptical corrective parameters associated with the current user.

In some system embodiments an aberration measurement unit 130 may beavailable for monitoring an eye 135 of a prospective user in order toobtain a new or updated data record regarding detected wavefront 136.The aberration measurement unit 130 may include processor 131, one ormore applications 132, as well as controller 133 and light source (notshown) to obtain and process the newly acquired wavefront data as wellas in some instances determine appropriate corrective parameters 137 forthe prospective user. An optional communication link 139 may provide adirect connection between controller 133 and the transformable opticalelements 115 for enabling customized adjustment during a time of usageof the optical instrument 100 by the prospective user. Someimplementations may include a data table listing 140 linked with theaberration measurement unit for maintaining user preferences, previouslydetermined wavefront data, and default corrective parameters related todifferent specific optical instruments or types of optical instruments.

It will be understood that the particular additional optical elementsdisclosed herein are for purposes of illustration only, and are intendedto represent various combinations of optical elements that can be chosenand situated in a direct-viewing optical device in a manner to provideoperative visual coupling with the transformable optical elements shownin FIGS. 1-5.

FIG. 2 is schematic block diagram illustrating a compositedirect-viewing optical device that includes two optical device portions150, 170. Optical device portion 150 includes a customized eyepiece 160configured with one or more transformable optical elements 165 toenhance viewing acuity for a right eye 160 of a current user. Additionaloptical elements may also be incorporated with the customized eyepiece160 (e.g., see refractive element 156) and may be included as part of anoptical body portion 152 (e.g., reflective, refractive, diffractive,transmissive elements) to achieve a desired clear field of view of undervarious viewing conditions.

Optical device portion 170 includes a customized eyepiece 175 configuredwith one or more transformable optical elements 185 to enhance viewingacuity for a left eye 180 of a current user. It will be understood thatsome aberrations and related corrective parameters may be respectivelydifferent for a right eye 160 and for a left eye 180 of an identifieduser (see on-board data records 192). In other instances the samecorrective parameters may be correlated with both eyes of a currentuser, depending on the circumstances.

Additional optical elements may also be incorporated with the opticaldevice portion 170 to achieve a desired clear field of view undervarious viewing conditions. Examples of such other optical elements areshown symbolically in the customized eyepiece 175 (e.g., see refractivelens 176) and may be included in an optical instrument body 172 (e.g.,reflective, refractive, diffractive, transmissive elements), and areconfigured in a manner to provide operative visual coupling with thetransformable optical elements 185.

An exemplary system embodiment shown in FIG. 2 may include controlmodule 190 having user interface 187, and on-board data records 192 thatinclude right eye 193 and left eye 194 wavefront aberrations, userpreferences, and other user-related information. The control module 190is operatively linked to both sets of transformable elements 165, 185 inorder to make dynamic adjustment applicable to each eye of a currentoptical device user who is recognized by authorization module 188 andmatched with their user ID 189. Additional records may includedevice-based corrective parameters 196 that ameliorate optical defectsof a specific direct-viewing optical device. It will be understood thatcontrol module 190 includes circuitry and/or software configured in amanner to achieve an optimum optical wavefront for a particular user atan exit pupil (see representation of approximate exit planes 108 a, 108b) of the composite direct-viewing device depicted in FIG. 2.

Referring to the schematic block diagram of FIG. 3, a possible systemembodiment may include a data table listing 250 maintained for multipleapproved users indicated by a first user identity 255, and a second useridentity 265, inter alia. In some instances the data table listing mayalso provide user-related optical preferences respectively applicable todifferent direct-viewing optical devices 210, 220, 230.

For example, known informational data correlated with first user ID 255may include low order corrections 256, high order corrections 257,wavefront measurements 260, and previous default corrective parameters262 respectively for optical device AA (see 210), and previous defaultparameters 263 respectively for optical device BB (see 220). As anotherexample, known informational data correlated with the second user ID 265may include low order corrections 266, high order corrections 267,wavefront measurements 170, previous default corrective parameters 272respectively for optical device AA (see 210), and previous defaultcorrective parameters 273 respectively for optical device CC (see 230).

An additional data table record may be maintained regarding knownoptical properties for device AA (see 275), a further data tableregarding known optical properties for device BB (see 285), and anotherdata table regarding known optical properties for device CC (see 290).Such data table records may respectively indicate for each opticaldevice AA, BB, CC various pertinent inherent optical properties such asradial distortion 276, calibrated aberration 277, wavefront error 278,and default corrections 279.

It will be understood that the informational data shown in the datatables and data records of FIG. 3 are for purposes of illustration only,and may be expanded or altered in some embodiments and may be shortenedor omitted in other embodiments depending on the circumstances.

A communication link 280 may be provided between data table listing 250and data table records 275, 285, 290 to assure data retrieval and/ordata entry via an access interface 251. In that regard an exemplaryembodiment includes a wired or wireless operative connection between theaccess interface 251 and data receiver 216 for optical device 210, andbetween the access interface 251 and data receiver 226 for opticaldevice 220, and between the access interface 251 and data receiver 236for optical device 230. It will be understood that different users maybe actively engaged with their respectively located and uniquelyadjusted direct-viewing devices during a same period of time. Also asingle user may use specifically different direct-viewing opticaldevices during sequential periods of time while enjoying real-timecustomized optical corrective parameters associated with theirpreviously known or currently updated wavefront aberrations.

A controller 215 may include circuitry and/or software for processinginformation received by data receiver 216 as a basis for customizedreal-time optical adjustment of transformable optical element 212incorporated with eyepiece 211 of optical device 210. Such opticaladjustment is correlated with a current user's corrective parameters,and may occur automatically or optionally in accordance with a currentuser's preference. As previously indicated, a body of the optical device210 may provide additional optical elements that include reflective 206,refractive 207, diffractive 208, and/or transmissive 209 characteristicsto achieve enhanced acuity for a current user.

Similarly a controller 225 may include circuitry and/or software forprocessing information received by data receiver 226 as a basis forcustomized real-time optical adjustment of transformable optical element222 incorporated with eyepiece 221 of optical device 220. Such opticaladjustment is correlated with a current user's corrective parameters,and may occur automatically or optionally in accordance with indicatedpreferences of a current user.

Similarly a controller 235 may include circuitry and/or software forprocessing information received by data receiver 236 as a basis forcustomized real-time optical adjustment of transformable optical element232 incorporated with eyepiece 231 of optical device 230. Such opticaladjustment is correlated with a current user's corrective parameters,and may occur automatically or optionally in accordance with indicatedpreferences of a current user.

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a direct-viewingoptical device 300 having an eyepiece 310 and body portion 305, with acustomized optical component 320 mounted and secured by brackets 322 asan integral insert between the eyepiece 105 and body portion 305. Inthis embodiment the customized optical component 320 is configured toinclude one or more transformable optical elements (e.g., reflectiveelements 326, 336) to enhance viewing acuity for an eye 315 of a currentuser. Other optical elements may also be incorporated with the opticaldevice 300 to achieve a desired clear field of view under variousviewing conditions. Examples of such other optical elements are shownsymbolically in the eyepiece 310 (e.g., see refractive lens 311) andbody portion 305 (e.g., see aperture 304, transmissive filter 303,refractive lens 302), and also in the customized optical component 320(e.g., see reflective elements 324) to provide operative visual couplingwith the transformable optical elements 326, 336.

Control modules 330, 340 may be respectively connected via electricallinks 328, 338 to the transformable optical elements 326, 336 forcustomized real-time adjustment based on low-order and/or high-orderaberrations associated with the current user. In that regard, a firston-board interface module 334 may include certain optical correctiveparameters in data record 332 for processing by control module 330, anda second on-board interface module 344 may include other opticalcorrective parameters in data record 342 for processing by controlmodule 340, in a manner to achieve an optimum optical wavefront at anexit pupil (see representation of approximate exit plane 108 c) of theoptical instrument 300. Updated user aberration data as well as userpreferences, etc. may be received via input link 336 to data record 322,as well as via input link 346 to data record 342.

Referring to the schematic block diagram of FIG. 5, an exemplaryembodiment may include a direct-viewing optical device 350 having ahybrid eyepiece combination 360 that includes a conventional eyepiece362 with an auxiliary customized optical component 370 mountableadjacent a current user's eye 365 on adapter ring 366. This enables theauxiliary customized optical component 370 to be manually removableduring a period of ordinary generic usage of the optical device 350, oroptionally mounted between the conventional eyepiece 362 and a currentuser's eye 365 to enable dynamic adjustment of transformable elements372 during a hyper-acuity usage period.

In this embodiment the auxiliary customized optical component 370 isconfigured to include one or more transformable optical elements (e.g.,displaceable refractive/diffractive elements 372) to enhance viewingacuity for the eye 365 of a current user. Other optical elements mayalso be incorporated with the optical device 350 to achieve a desiredclear field of view under various viewing conditions. Examples of suchother optical elements are shown symbolically in the conventionaleyepiece 362 (e.g., see different refractive elements 364) and bodyportion 355 (e.g., see aperture 354, diffractive lens 353, refractivelens 352), and also in the customized optical component 370 (e.g., seetransmissive filter elements 373) to provide operative visual couplingwith the transformable optical elements 372. Exemplary types of filterelements may include wide band, narrow band, ultra-violet (UV) blocking,polarizer, chromatic, etc. in order to optimize acuity for a currentuser of a particular direct-viewing optical device.

An exemplary local control unit 380 includes controller 382 and one ormore program applications 384 for processing aberrational correctionscorrelated with the current user. In that regard, the local control unit380 may be adapted to receive removable memory records 385 that includeuser optical correction data 386 along with a verifiable user ID 387.This enables the controller 382 to process such user optical correctiondata 386 and transmit appropriate control signals via electricalcommunication links 374 to the transformable elements 372 during aperiod of usage by the verified current user.

A further exemplary feature of local control unit 380 includescomponents for enabling subjective determination of optimal adjustmentof the transformable elements 372. A user-input interface 390 is linkedwith a viewing selection keyboard 392 such that the current user canmake data entries based on comparison between alternative adjustments ofthe transformable elements 372 for varied viewing conditions ordifferent fields of view or selected target objects as seen through thehybrid eyepiece combination 385. The user's subjective determinationscan be indicated as “better” 394 or “worse” 396 as a basis for real-timeimplementation by controller 362, and also can be maintained in a datarecord for future reference.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that at least a portion of thedevices and/or processes described herein can be integrated into a dataprocessing system. Those having skill in the art will recognize that adata processing system generally includes one or more of a system unithousing, a video display device, memory such as volatile or non-volatilememory, processors such as microprocessors or digital signal processors,computational entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphicaluser interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interactiondevices (e.g., a touch pad, a touch screen, an antenna, etc.), and/orcontrol systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g.,feedback for sensing position and/or velocity; control motors for movingand/or adjusting components and/or quantities). A data processing systemmay be implemented utilizing suitable commercially available components,such as those typically found in data computing/communication and/ornetwork computing/communication systems.

Referring to embodiment features 400 shown in the high level flow chartof FIG. 6, an adopted corrective method for a direct-viewing opticaldevice (see block 402) may include providing one or more opticalelements capable of transformation, wherein the optical elements areinstalled as an operative component of the direct-viewing device (block403); and obtaining information regarding corrective optical featuresthat include at least one higher order corrective optical parametercorrelated with a current user of the direct-viewing optical device(block 404). Related exemplary aspects include processing the obtainedinformation to determine a specified optical wavefront changeappropriate to the current user (block 406), and modifying thetransformable optical elements in a manner to produce the specifiedchange in optical wavefront at an exit pupil of the direct-viewingoptical device (block 407).

In some instances further process exemplary features includeincorporating the transformable optical elements as an operativecomponent in one of the following types of direct-viewing opticaldevice: microscope, telescope, binoculars, weapon sight, gun sight,medical instrument, diagnostic tool, manufacturing inspection device(block 411). Other process examples include activating a wavefrontdetection device that directly measures optical aberrations of thecurrent user's vision (block 412), and accepting information from thewavefront detection device indicating eye measurement data or defaultadjustable optical parameters for the current user (block 413).

Further possible aspects shown in FIG. 6 include accepting informationfrom a data table or database or external source or user input oron-board memory or removable memory which indicates eye measurement dataor default adjustable optical parameters for the current user (block414).

The flow chart of FIG. 7 illustrates further process embodiment features420 that include previously described aspects 403, 404, 406, 407 incombination with obtaining information regarding at least two higherorder corrective optical parameters correlated with the current user(block 421). A further process operation may include obtaininginformation that includes accessible data from a wavefront detector or adata table or a database or an external source or user input or on-boardmemory or removable memory (block 428).

Other exemplary process aspects include incorporating the transformableoptical elements in an eyepiece for the direct-viewing optical device(block 422), and in some instances positioning the transformable opticalelements as an insert between an eyepiece and a remainder portion of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 423). Other possible processembodiments include positioning the transformable optical elements as aninsert between a user's eye and an eyepiece of the direct-viewing device(block 424), as well as supporting the transformable optical elements ina fixed or moveable position relative to the direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 426). Further possibilities include enablinguser-attachment or user-removal of the transformable optical elements asan operative component on the direct-viewing optical device (block 427).

FIG. 8 shows various embodiment features 430 that include previouslydescribed aspects 403, 404, 406, 407 as well as enabling automatedinstallation or automated withdrawal of the transformable opticalelements as an operative component on the direct-viewing optical device(block 431). In some embodiments a further aspect includes directlymeasuring at least one optical aberration of the current user's vision(block 432). Other aspects may include interactively determining atleast one optical aberration of the current user's vision (block 433),and obtaining information from the current user defining at least oneoptical aberration or related corrective optical parameters (block 434).

Further process enhancements may include accepting information from thecurrent user defining preferences (block 436), and obtaining informationfrom an external source defining at least one optical aberration orrelated corrective optical parameters (block 437). Additional exemplaryaspects include maintaining a data table or database that includes alisting of possible users and their respective optical aberrationsand/or corrective optical parameters and/or preferences (block 438).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 9 illustrates embodiment features 440that include previously described process aspects 403, 404, 406, 407 incombination with confirming identification of the current user (block441). An additional possible aspect responsive to the confirmedidentification of the current user includes retrieving from a data tableor database their respective optical aberrations or corrective opticalparameters or preferences (block 443). A further possible aspectresponsive to the confirmed identification of the current user includesaccepting input of aberration data and/or corrective optical parametersor preferences associated with the current user (block 443).

Another illustrated process feature includes causing dynamic adjustmentof one or more transformable optical elements currently installed in thedirect-viewing optical device (block 446). Related exemplary featuresregarding the transformable optical elements include providing one ormore of the following types: MEMS deformable mirror, deformable liquidlens, deformable diffractive lens or mirror, liquid crystal phasemodulator, controllable metamaterial lens or mirror, controllablephotonic crystal lens or mirror (block 447). In some instances a furtherrelated feature regarding the transformable optical elements includesproviding one or more variable aberration elements based on relativedisplacement or rotation of complementary layers (block 448).

Referring to FIG. 10, additional exemplary process features 450 areshown including previously described features 403, 404, 406, 407 whichmay be combined with modifying one or more transformable opticalelements to include additional corrective features that ameliorate oneor more of the following type low-order aberrations of the current user:myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism (block 451). Another possibleprocess feature include modifying one or more transformable opticalelements to include certain corrective features that ameliorate one ormore of the following type of higher-order aberrations of the currentuser: coma, spherical aberration, trefoil, chromatic aberration (block452).

Some embodiments may provide an implementation that includes modifyingone or more transformable optical elements to include certain correctivefeatures that ameliorate the current user's high order aberrationscorresponding to Zernike polynomials of order 3 or order 4 or order 5 ororder 6 or higher (block 453). Other related aspects may includemodifying the one or more transformable optical elements to includecertain corrective features that compensate for one or more aberrationscharacterized by a spatially-sampled wavefront error (block 456).Further possible aspects include modifying a square or hexagonal matrixof sensors or actuators which transform a deformable reflective orrefractive aspect of one or more optical elements (block 457).

Various process features 460 depicted in the flow chart of FIG. 11include previously described aspects 403, 404, 406, 407 as well asaccepting information that includes default adjustable opticalparameters based on corrective optical features implemented for thecurrent user during a previous optical device usage period (block 461).Another possible process feature includes processing additionalinformation to determine the specified wavefront change for the currentuser based on one or more optical properties of the direct-viewingoptical device (block 462). A further illustrated aspect includesprocessing additional information indicating automatic adjustableoptical parameters for the current user based on a known radialdistortion or calibrated aberration or wavefront error of a specificdirect-viewing optical device (block 463).

Some process embodiments include installing the one or more opticalelements as an operative component of a specific direct-viewing opticaldevice adapted to incorporate transformable optical elements (block466). A further process aspect may include incorporating additionaloptical members in combination with the transformable optical elementsas operative components of the specific direct-viewing device, whereinthe additional optical members include reflective or refractive ordiffractive or transmissive attributes which facilitate satisfactoryoperation of the direct-viewing device (block 467).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 12 illustrates other embodiment features470 including previously described process operations 403, 404, 406, 407in combination with modifying the transformable optical elements toinclude both objectively determined and subjectively selected correctiveoptical parameters (block 473). Some exemplary embodiments may includeincorporating the transformable optical elements as an operativecomponent in a head-mounted type or body-mounted type of direct-viewingoptical device (block 471). Other embodiments may include incorporatingthe transformable optical elements as an operative component in ahand-held type or independently supported type of direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 472).

Additional related process aspects may include obtaining a set ofpre-programmed corrective optical parameters for higher-orderaberrations (block 476), and also obtaining a further set ofsubjectively chosen corrective optical parameters for higher-orderaberrations (block 477), and subsequently determining the specifiedwavefront change based on both the pre-programmed set and the furtherset (block 478).

As illustrated in FIG. 13, various process features 480 may includepreviously described aspects 403, 404, 406, 407 as well as enabling thecurrent user to choose subjectively between a “better or worse”comparison of possible corrective optical features to be included in thetransformable optical elements (block 481). Another process aspect mayinclude receiving information indicating a right eye or left eye or botheyes which correspond to the corrective optical features correlated withthe current user (block 482).

Additional possible enhancements include maintaining a data record thatincludes eye measurement data and/or corrective optical featuresrespectively correlated with one or more particular users of a specificdirect-viewing optical device (block 483). A related exemplary featureincludes establishing a communication link between the data record andone or more additional direct viewing devices which are available to theone or more particular users (block 484).

Also depicted in FIG. 13 are further process examples includingestablishing an authorization protocol to confirm identification of thecurrent user (block 486), and implementing confirmation of the currentuser by name or password or biometric matching or eye featurerecognition (block 487).

Referring to the detailed flow chart of FIG. 14, various exemplaryprocess aspects 490 include previously described operations 403, 404,406, 407 as well as incorporating the transformable optical element thatincludes adjustable reflective and/or refractive and/or diffractivecharacteristics as an integral component of a specific direct-viewingdevice adapted for dedicated usage by an individual user (block 491).Other process aspects may include optionally incorporating thetransformable optical element as an auxiliary component of a specificdirect-viewing device, wherein the transformable optical elementincludes adjustable reflective and/or refractive and/or diffractivecharacteristics respectively correlated with one of several possibleusers of the specific direct-viewing optical device (block 492).

Other process enhancements may include implementing dynamic adjustmentof the transformable optical element currently installed in thedirect-viewing optical device, wherein such dynamic adjustment includesstatic control or periodic control or continuous control of thetransformable optical element during a real-time optical device usageperiod of the current user (block 493).

It will be understood from the exemplary embodiments disclosed hereinthat numerous individual method operations depicted in the flow chartsof FIGS. 6-14 can be incorporated as encoded instructions in computerreadable media in order to obtain enhanced benefits and advantages.

As another embodiment example, FIG. 15 shows a diagrammatic flow chart500 depicting an article of manufacture which provides computer readablemedia having encoded instructions for executing a corrective method fora direct-viewing optical device (see 502), wherein the method includesconfirming identity of a current user of a direct-viewing optical devicehaving one or more optical elements capable of transformation (block503), obtaining information regarding corrective optical features thatinclude at least one higher order corrective optical parametercorrelated with the current user (block 504), and processing theobtained information to determine a specified optical wavefront changeappropriate to the current user (block 506). Additional programmedaspects may include enabling modification of the transformable opticalelements in a manner to produce the specified change in opticalwavefront at an exit pupil of the direct-viewing optical device (block507).

Another programmed method aspect may include activating a square orhexagonal matrix of sensors or actuators which transform a deformablereflective or refractive aspect of the one or more optical elements(block 508). Additional programmed method aspects may include enablingstatic control or periodic control or continuous control of thetransformable optical elements during a real-time optical device usageperiod of the current user (block 509). In some instances a staticcontrol may provide a one-time setting per user (e.g., mechanicallymoved optical elements). In another instance a periodic control mayrefresh at intervals (e.g., liquid crystal phase modulator). In afurther instance a continuous control must drive continuously (e.g.,piezo-electric deformable mirror).

Further possible programmed aspects may include maintaining a data tableor database that includes a listing of possible users and theirrespective optical aberrations and/or corrective optical parametersand/or preferences (block 511). As a further aspect responsive to theconfirmed identity of the current user, a programmed method may includeretrieving from the data table or database their respective opticalaberrations or corrective optical parameters or preferences (block 512).Some programmed embodiments may include enabling modification of thetransformable optical elements to include both objectively determinedand subjectively selected corrective optical parameters (block 514).

Referring to the representative set of data table records 600illustrated in FIG. 16, various categories of performance viewingfactors 610 are listed, as for example, field of view 612, brightness614, and scene contrast 618. Ongoing variations of such factors mayrequire adjustment of corrective optical parameters to achieve bettervisual acuity for a particular current user of a direct-viewing opticaldevice. Other categories of pertinent performance viewing factors thatmay require adjustment of corrective optical parameters 610 may includespatial frequency content 622 and spectral attributes 624, as well as afocal length of the optical device 626 and a current aperture stop 628.In some instances a variation of the diameter of a current user's pupil632 may cause an adverse effect that diminishes visual acuity. In theabsence of an indicated corrective preference by a current user thatwould be applicable to a particular monitored viewing factor, a genericdefault correction 632 may be automatically implemented.

Some data entries regarding corrective optical parameters may berespectively maintained for multiple prospective users of a device. Forexample, a separate corrective parameter listing is applicable to a userID “Bill” during his usage of optical device XX (see 615), and anotherseparate (and possibly different) corrective parameter listing isapplicable during his usage of optical device YY (see 620). Anotherexample shows a separate corrective parameter listing applicable to auser ID “Ann” during her usage of optical device XX (see 625). A furtherexample shows a separate corrective parameter listing applicable to auser ID “Eva” during her usage of optical device YY (see 630), andanother separate (and possible different) corrective parameter listingthat is applicable to her usage of optical device ZZ (see 635).

Some performance viewing factors 610 may be ignored with respect toparticular devices and/or for particular user IDs, depending onindividual user preferences. For example, usage of device XX by user ID“Bill” and also by user ID “Ann” does not require any correlatedcorrective parameter with respect to any identified target object (see642, 644). As another example, usage of device ZZ by user ID “Eva” doesnot require any correlated corrective parameter with respect to anyparticular field of view (see 646), or with respect to variable spectralattributes (see 647). As a further example, usage of device YY by userID “Bill” and also by user ID “Eva” does not require any correlatedcorrective parameters with respect to monitoring a user's pupildiameters (see 648, 649).

It will be understood that the categories and informational entriesshown in the data table records of FIG. 16 are for purposes ofillustration only, and may be expanded or altered in some embodimentsand may be shortened or omitted in other embodiments depending on thecircumstances.

The schematic block diagram of FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment foroptical device 650 having a body portion 652 that includes aperture 653,other optical elements (e.g., refractive element 654) for viewing aparticular field of view 683. The exemplary optical device 650 alsoincludes a hybrid eyepiece 655 having a first eyepiece portion 656 withvarious optical elements (e.g., see refractive element 658), and asecond eyepiece portion 660 with one or more transformable elements(e.g., see 662).

Also associated with optical device 650 is an exemplary data record 670for corrective parameters applicable to a specified device. A separatelisting of such corrective parameters may be respectively maintained forindividual users of the specified optical device 650 (e.g., see userBill 672, user Ann 674). The data record 670 is available for both“read” and “write” access through connecting link 675 to control unit700 to enable processing of known and/or updated information that isnecessary for adjusting the transformable elements 662 during a periodof usage by an identified current user. An operatively coupledcommunication channel (e.g., see line 663) provides the static controlor periodic control or continuous control of the transformable elements662 in accordance with automatic and/or optional customized adjustmentparameters initiated by the control unit 700.

The exemplary control unit 700 includes processor 702, controller 703,one or more applications 704, user-input interface 705, and in someinstances may include a wavefront detector 715. It will be understoodthat real-time optical adjustments may be implemented pursuant tocircuitry and/or software programming for an automatic correction mode707 or a user activated correction mode 706 regarding transformableelements 662. It is therefore possible to provide a specified real-timechange in optical wavefront at an exit pupil (e.g., see approximate exitpupil plane 108 e) based on both objective implementation and/orsubjective selection of corrective optical parameters to amelioratelow-order and/or high-order aberrations of a current user of the opticaldevice 650.

Various sensors are symbolically shown (see 682, 686, 688, 692, 694) formonitoring and obtaining required measurements etc. that are indicativeof the ongoing performance viewing factors during a current usage periodof the optical device 650. An additional sensor 696 may be configured todetermine a pupil diameter of a current user's eye 665 during the usageperiod. The various performance factor sensor outputs (e.g., see 680)are transmitted to the control unit 700 for real-time processing inorder to achieve dynamic adjustment of the transformable elements 662.As indicated on the data table records 600 of FIG. 16, it may be helpfulto provide different adjustment guidelines depending on the viewingparameter topics. In that regard sensor input data may be segregated forappropriated processing into different categories such as operatingcondition data 676, image properties 677, and viewing environment data678.

Referring to the schematic block diagram of FIG. 18, various possibledata processing techniques may be implemented with a user interfacecontrol module 750 with regard to customized optical correctionparameters 752 related to user Bill 756, user Ann 757, and user Eva 758.Informational data regarding eye measurements and/or low/high orderaberrations and/or corrective optical parameters for a prospective orcurrent device user may be accessible to the user interface controlmodule 750. For example, known data may be obtained from an externalsource 784, or a database 782, or data table records 778. Additionalavailability of such informational data may be obtained from user-input770, on-board memory 772, or removable memory 774. In some instancesnewly updated information data may be obtained from a wavefront detector776 directly associated with the optical direct-viewing device.

It will be understood that the illustrated interface control module 750includes controller 760 that generates a first control signal 762 forchanging an optical wavefront at an exit pupil (e.g., see approximateexit pupil plane 108 f) pursuant to a real-time adjustment oftransformable optical element(s) 732. Such a real-time customizedadjustment provides enhanced acuity for a current user's view throughaperture 726 of direct-viewing optical device 725. Similarly theillustrated controller 760 generates a second control signal 764 forchanging an optical wavefront at an exit pupil (e.g., see approximateexit pupil plane 108 g) pursuant to a real-time adjustment oftransformable optical element(s) 742. Such a real-time customizedadjustment provides enhanced acuity for another current user's viewthrough aperture 736 of direct-viewing optical device 735.

The high level flow chart of FIG. 19 illustrates exemplary embodimentfeatures 800 regarding adoption of an optical adjustment method for adirect-viewing optical device (see block 802), including selecting adirect-viewing device having one or more transformable optical elementsincorporated as a component (block 803), periodically detecting one ormore real-time performance viewing factors regarding an operatingcondition or image property or viewing environment for a given field ofview of the direct-viewing optical device (block 804), and processinginformation regarding low-order and/or high-order aberrations correlatedwith a current user of the direct-viewing optical device (block 806).Related process features that are responsive to the detected performanceviewing factors and are based on the processed aberration informationinclude adjusting the transformable optical elements in a manner toproduce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 807).

Additional process aspects may include processing information from adata table or database or external source or user input or on-boardmemory or removable memory indicating default adjustable opticalparameters for the current user applicable to one or more of thefollowing type of sensor outputs: field of view, brightness, scenecontrast, identified target object, spatial frequency content, spectralattributes, focal length of optical device, aperture stop, user's pupildiameter (block 811). Other examples include determining the specifiedwavefront change for the current user based on one or more opticalproperties of a specific direct-viewing optical device (block 812), andin some instances determining the specified wavefront change for thecurrent user based on a known radial distortion or calibrated aberrationor wavefront error of the specific direct-viewing optical device (block813).

Referring to the illustrated process examples 820 depicted in the flowchart of FIG. 20, an embodiment may include previously described aspects803, 804, 806, 807 along with processing information regardingcorrective optical parameters to ameliorate one or more of the followingtype of low-order aberrations of the current user: myopia, hyperopia,presbyopia, astigmatism (block 826). Another process example includesprocessing information regarding corrective optical parameters toameliorate one or more of the following type of higher-order aberrationsof the current user: coma, spherical aberration, trefoil, chromaticaberration (block 827).

Further possibilities include measuring via an illumination sensor alevel of average brightness in the given field of view, as a basis forautomatic or optional adjustment of the transformable optical elementsduring an optical device usage period (block 821). Another possibleaspect includes measuring via an illumination sensor a level of maximumor minimum brightness in the given field of view, as a basis forautomatic or optional adjustment of the transformable optical elementsduring an optical device usage period (block 822). A further processexample includes measuring via a sensor a scene contrast attribute inthe given field of view, as a basis for automatic or optional adjustmentof the transformable optical elements during an optical device usageperiod (block 823).

Referring to the detailed flow chart of FIG. 21, various illustratedembodiment features 830 include previously described aspects 803, 804,806, 807 as well as additional examples such as determining a locationof an identifiable target object in the given field of view, as a basisfor automatic or optional adjustment of the transformable opticalelements during an optical device usage period (block 831). Anotherexample includes determining via a sensor an evaluation of spatialfrequency content for the given field of view, as a basis for automaticor optional adjustment of the transformable optical elements during anoptical device usage period (block 832).

In some instances an exemplary process includes determining via a sensorcertain spectral attributes for the given field of view, as a basis forautomatic or optional adjustment of the transformable optical elementsduring an optical device usage period (block 833). Another possibilityincludes processing information regarding certain corrective opticalparameters to ameliorate the current user's high order aberrationscorresponding to Zernike polynomials of order 3 or order 4 or order 5 ororder 6 or higher (block 836). A further possible aspect includesprocessing information regarding certain corrective optical parametersto compensate for one or more aberrations characterized by aspatially-sampled wavefront error (block 837).

The exemplary process aspects 840 illustrated in FIG. 22 includepreviously described operations 803, 804, 806, 807 in combination withdetecting a current focal length calibration for the direct-viewingoptical device, as a basis for automatic or optional adjustment of thetransformable optical elements during an optical device usage period(block 841). Another process feature may include detecting a currentaperture stop calibration for the optical device, as a basis forautomatic or optional adjustment of the transformable optical elementsduring an optical device usage period (block 842).

Another illustrated example includes measuring via a sensor a real-timediameter of the current user's pupil, as a basis for automatic oroptional adjustment of the transformable optical elements during anoptical device usage period (block 843). Further possibilities mayinclude adjusting a square or hexagonal matrix of sensors or actuatorswhich transform a deformable reflective or refractive aspect of the oneor more optical elements (block 846). In some instances an example mayinclude adopting the default adjustable optical parameters based onadjustable optical parameters implemented for the current user during aprevious optical device usage period (block 847).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 23 illustrates exemplary embodimentfeatures 850 that include previously described aspects 803, 804, 806,807 as well as activating a wavefront detection device that directlymeasures optical aberrations of the current user's vision (block 851).Related illustrated aspects include processing information from thewavefront detection device indicating default adjustable opticalparameters for the current user which are applicable to one or more ofthe following type of sensor outputs: field of view, brightness, scenecontrast, identified target object, spatial frequency content, spectralattributes, focal length of optical device, aperture stop, user's pupildiameter (block 852).

In some instances an enhancement may include incorporating other opticalmembers as a component of a specific direct-viewing device, wherein suchother optical members include reflective or refractive or diffractive ortransmissive attributes which facilitate satisfactory operation of thespecific direct-viewing device in combination with the one or moretransformable optical elements (block 853). Other enhancements mayinclude causing dynamic adjustment of the one or more transformableoptical elements currently installed in the direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 858).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 24 shows exemplary process aspects 860that include previously described features 803, 804, 806, 807 incombination with selecting a head-mounted type or body-mounted type ofspecific direct-viewing optical device adapted to include thetransformable optical elements (block 861), or in some instances incombination with selecting a hand-held type or independently supportedtype of specific direct-viewing optical device adapted to include thetransformable optical elements (block 862).

Further process examples include modifying one or more of the followingtype of transformable optical elements: MEMS deformable mirror,deformable liquid lens, deformable diffractive lens or mirror, liquidcrystal phase modulator, controllable metamaterial lens or mirror,controllable photonic crystal lens or mirror (block 863). Anotherprocess example includes modifying one or more variable aberrationelements based on relative displacement or rotation of complementarylayers (block 864).

As further illustrated in FIG. 24, other process examples includeproviding mounting support for the transformable optical elements inrelation to the direct-viewing optical device (block 866), and in someinstances positioning the one or more transformable optical elements inan eyepiece for the direct-viewing optical device (block 867). Anotherexample includes positioning the one or more transformable opticalelements as an insert between an eyepiece and a remainder portion of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 868).

With regard to the exemplary process aspects 870 shown in FIG. 25, apossible embodiment may include previously described features 803, 804,806, 807, 866 along with positioning the one or more transformableoptical elements as an insert between a user's eye and an eyepiece ofthe direct-viewing device (block 871). Another possibility includessupporting the one or more transformable optical elements in a fixed ormoveable position relative to the direct-viewing optical device (block872).

A further possible aspect includes enabling user-attachment oruser-removal of the one or more transformable optical elements asoperative components on the direct-viewing optical device (block 873).Some enhancements may include enabling automated installation orautomated withdrawal of the one or more transformable optical elementsas operative components on the direct-viewing optical device (block874).

Another possible aspect includes modifying the one or more transformableoptical elements based on both objectively determined and subjectivelyselected adjustable optical parameters correlated with the current user(block 876). A further possibility includes modifying the one or moretransformable optical elements based on both sensor output data and userinput data (block 877).

The flow chart of FIG. 26 relates to additional exemplary processfeatures 880 that include previously described aspects 803, 804, 806,807 along with activating a viewing display that enables the currentuser to choose subjectively between a “better or worse” comparison ofpossible corrective features to be included in the transformable opticalelements.

Other illustrated process features 950 may include processing apre-programmed set of objectively determined adjustable opticalparameters for low-order or higher-order aberrations (block 881), andalso processing a further set of subjectively chosen adjustable opticalparameters for low-order or higher-order aberrations (block 882), andsubsequently adjusting the transformable optical elements based on boththe pre-programmed set and the further set as a basis for correctivefeatures included in the transformable optical elements (block 883).

Additional aspects illustrated in FIG. 26 include processing informationregarding eye measurement data and/or corrective optical parameterscorrelated with the current user of the optical device (block 886).Further possibilities include processing information indicating a righteye or left eye or both eyes which correspond to corrective opticalparameters correlated with the current user (block 887).

Referring to the detailed flow chart of FIG. 27, various exemplaryprocess embodiment features 890 include previously described aspects803, 80, 806, 807 in combination with maintaining a data record thatincludes eye measurement data and/or corrective optical parametersrespectively correlated with one or more particular users of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 891). A related process exampleincludes enabling a communication link to make the data recordaccessible to one or more additional direct viewing devices which areavailable to the one or more particular users (block 892).

Another example includes enabling dynamic adjustment that includesstatic control or periodic control or continuous control of thetransformable optical elements during a real-time optical device usageperiod of the current user (block 893).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 28 illustrates various exemplary processaspects 895 including previously described operations 803, 804, 806, 807as well as enabling an authorization protocol adapted to confirmidentity of the current user of the direct-viewing optical device (block896). A related process aspect may include establishing confirmation ofthe current user identity by name or password or biometric match or eyefeature recognition (block 897).

Some embodiments may further include selecting a specific direct-viewingdevice that incorporates the transformable optical elements as anintegrated component, wherein the transformable optical elements includeadjustable reflective and/or refractive and/or diffractive elementscorrelated with a dedicated user of the specific direct-viewing device(block 898). Another possible embodiment may include selecting aspecific direct-viewing device that incorporates the transformableoptical elements as an auxiliary component, wherein the transformableoptical elements include adjustable reflective and/or refractive and/ordiffractive characteristics respectively correlated with one of severalpossible users of the specific direct-viewing optical device (block899).

It will be understood from the exemplary embodiments disclosed hereinthat numerous individual method operations depicted in the flow chartsof FIGS. 19-28 can be incorporated as encoded instructions in computerreadable media in order to obtain enhanced benefits and advantages.

As another embodiment example, FIG. 29 shows a diagrammatic flow chart900 depicting an article of manufacture which provides computer-readablemedia having encoded instructions for executing an optical adjustmentmethod for a direct-viewing optical device (block 902), wherein themethod includes periodically detecting one or more real-time performanceviewing factors regarding an operating condition or image property orviewing environment for a given field of view of the direct-viewingoptical device that includes one or more transformable optical elements(block 903); processing information regarding low-order and/orhigh-order aberrations correlated with a current user of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 904); and responsive to thedetected performance viewing factors and based on the processedaberration information, adjusting the transformable optical elements ina manner to produce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exitpupil of the direct-viewing optical device (block 906).

Other possible programmed aspects include enabling automatic or optionaladjustment of the transformable optical elements (block 911), and insome instances causing dynamic adjustment of one or more transformableoptical elements currently installed in the direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 912). Another example of a programmed aspect includesprocessing information regarding certain corrective optical parametersto compensate for one or more aberrations characterized by aspatially-sampled wavefront error (block 913). Further programmed methodaspects may include processing information from the wavefront detectiondevice indicating default adjustable optical parameters for the currentuser which are applicable to one or more of the following type ofreal-time performance viewing factors: field of view, brightness, scenecontrast, identified target object, spatial frequency content, spectralattributes, focal length of optical device, aperture stop, user's pupildiameter (block 914).

The schematic block diagram of FIG. 30 illustrates an exemplaryembodiment for an alignment optical correction system for adirect-viewing optical device 920 having a field of view 922. Acustomizable eyepiece 925 having a one or more transformable opticalelements 930 is optically coupled with the optical device 920 forconventional viewing by a current user's eye 935. A solid line 931indicates a reference that is perpendicular to an initial gaze directionof the eye 935. Sometimes a current user's gaze direction shifts (e.g.,see eye 936) in a way that results in a changed optical path through thedirect-viewing optical device 920 toward the field of view 922. A gazedirection detection module 940 is operatively coupled to control module950 in order to transmit a monitored changed of the gaze direction ofeye 936. This shifted gaze direction may adversely affect the acuity forvisual objects in the field of view 922.

In response to the shifted gaze direction, an example of a firstcorrective operational response mode enables a control module 950 tosend a control signal via communication channel 955 to the transformableoptical elements 930 in order to cause an optical realignment of acentral viewing axis of corrective parameters relative to shifted gazedirection 937 of eye 936. Such optical realignment is shown symbolicallyon FIG. 30 by revised dotted reference line 932 perpendicular to a newcentral viewing axis (see dotted arrow 938) of transformable opticalelements 930.

It will be noted that control module 950 includes a processor 952 andone or more applications 952 for appropriate data processing toestablish both an original adjustment of the transformable opticalelements (i.e., based on wavefront aberrations associated with a currentuser), as well as an optical realignment of the transformable opticalelements (i.e., based on the detected shift of the gaze direction). Thisfirst corrective operational response mode allows the customizableeyepiece 925 and its attached optical elements (e.g., 930) to remain intheir usual fixed position attached to the optical device 920.

In response to the shifted gaze direction, an example of a secondcorrective operational response mode enables the control module 950 tosend a control signal via another communication channel to stepper motor971. As shown in an alternate view of a customizable eyepiece 965, thestepper motor 971 (or other motorized component) causes an automaticphysical translation and/or rotation of the customizable eyepiece 965and its attached optical elements (e.g., 970) on a pivotal base 962 toachieve a new physical realignment of the eyepiece 925 relative to theshifted gaze direction 961 of eye 960. Such physical realignment isshown symbolically on FIG. 30 by reference line 966 perpendicular to newcentral viewing axis (see arrow 967).

In some embodiments one or more of the attached optical elements (e.g.,970) may be separately configured to be physically repositioned via anadjustable mounting base (not shown) in response to the shifted gazedirection, while a supportive eyepiece body portion remains attached ina fixed position relative to the optical device 920. Optional manualrepositioning may be another alternative in some embodiments, althoughcalibrated precision control of such manual repositioning may be moredifficult to achieve.

The control module 950 is operably coupled via access channel 975 to adata table listing 980 that includes information regarding opticalaberrations of one or more prospective users of direct-viewing device920. For example, data associated with a first user ID 990 may includelow-order corrections 991 as well as well as high-order corrections 992.As another example, data associated with a second user ID 985 mayinclude low-order corrections 986 as well as high-order corrections 987.

In some embodiments it may be desirable in implement both the firstcorrective operational response mode (i.e., optical transformation ofthe installed transformable optical elements) and also the secondcorrective operational response mode (i.e., physical realignment of theinstalled transformable optical elements) in order to minimize adverseoptical deficiencies resulting from the shifted gaze direction of thecurrent user. With respect to a direct-viewing optical device that doesnot include installed transformable optical elements, the customizednon-transformable optical elements can be configured (e.g., supported ona pivotal base) to achieve physical realignment of such customizednon-transformable optical elements to enhance acuity in response to adetected shift in gaze direction of the current user.

In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that thevarious embodiments described herein can be implemented, individuallyand/or collectively, by various types of electro-mechanical systemshaving a wide range of electrical components such as hardware, software,firmware, and/or virtually any combination thereof; and a wide range ofcomponents that may impart mechanical force or motion such as rigidbodies, spring or torsional bodies, hydraulics, electro-magneticallyactuated devices, and/or virtually any combination thereof.Consequently, as used herein “electro-mechanical system” includes, butis not limited to, electrical circuitry operably coupled with atransducer (e.g., an actuator, a motor, a piezoelectric crystal, a MicroElectro Mechanical System (MEMS), etc.), electrical circuitry having atleast one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having atleast one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least oneapplication specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming ageneral purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g.,a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which atleast partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein,or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at leastpartially carries out processes and/or devices described herein),electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of memory(e.g., random access, flash, read only, etc.)), electrical circuitryforming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch,optical-electrical equipment, etc.), and/or any non-electrical analogthereto, such as optical or other analogs.

Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that examples ofelectro-mechanical systems include but are not limited to a variety ofconsumer electronics systems, medical devices, as well as other systemssuch as motorized transport systems, factory automation systems,security systems, and/or communication/computing systems. Those skilledin the art will recognize that electro-mechanical as used herein is notnecessarily limited to a system that has both electrical and mechanicalactuation except as context may dictate otherwise.

Referring to the high-level flow chart of FIG. 31, various exemplaryprocess features 1010 are illustrated with regard to adopting analignment adjustment method for a direct-viewing optical device (seeblock 1012) which may include incorporating one or more correctiveoptical elements as an operative component in the direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 1013), and may further include tracking a gaze directionof a particular user of the direct-viewing optical device during aperiod of optical device usage (block 1014). Another example includesresponsive to detection of the tracked gaze direction, activating acontrol module to reposition or transform the corrective opticalelements in a manner to produce a specified change in optical wavefrontat an exit pupil of the direct-viewing optical device, wherein thespecified change enhances optical acuity during varied gaze directions(block 1016).

Additional possible process features include implementing a firstoperational mode causing physical repositioning of certain correctiveoptical elements in response to a detected shift of the tracked gazedirection (block 1021). A related aspect may include activating amotorized component to cause translational and/or rotational physicalrealignment of certain corrective optical elements relative to thetracked gaze direction of the particular user (block 1022).

Also depicted in FIG. 31 is another exemplary process aspect thatincludes enabling a user-activated component to cause translationaland/or rotational physical realignment of certain corrective opticalelements relative to the tracked gaze direction of the particular user(block 1023). A further possibility includes enabling a physicalrealignment to cause a central viewing axis of certain correctiveoptical elements to be substantially parallel with the tracked gazedirection of the particular user (block 1024).

Some exemplary process embodiments include implementing a secondoperational mode causing dynamic adjustment of one or more transformablecorrective optical elements currently installed in the direct-viewingoptical device, in response to a detected shift of the tracked gazedirection (block 1026).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 32 illustrates various exemplary processoperations 1030 including previously described aspects 1013, 1014, 1016in combination with obtaining access to information regarding correctiveoptical parameters in order to ameliorate one or more low-order and/orhigh order aberrations of the particular user's vision during variedgaze directions (block 1031). Another aspect may include providing amounting member adapted to support the corrective optical elements inrelation to the direct-viewing optical device during the aforesaidrepositioning or transformation (block 1032).

In some instances an example includes scanning or reading a result of asubjective user selection of different positional changes or differenttransformation adjustments of certain corrective optical elements duringvaried gaze directions of the particular user (block 1033). Anotherexample may include enabling the particular user to choose between a‘better or worse” viewing comparison of alternative positional changesor alternative transformation adjustments of certain corrective opticalelements (block 1034).

Further aspects may include implementing a first operational modecausing physical repositioning of corrective optical elements and alsoimplementing a second operational mode causing dynamic adjustment oftransformable corrective optical elements, in response to a detectedshift of the tracked gaze direction (block 1036).

The illustrated process features 1040 of FIG. 33 include previouslydescribed aspects 1013, 1014, 1016, 1026 as well other possible aspectsincluding incorporating at least one of the following types oftransformable corrective optical elements: MEMS deformable mirror,deformable liquid lens, deformable diffractive lens or mirror, liquidcrystal phase modulator, controllable metamaterial lens or mirror,controllable photonic crystal lens or mirror (block 1041). Anotherpossibility includes incorporating one or more transformable opticalelements that include variable aberration elements based on relativedisplacement or rotation of complementary layers (block 1042).

Additional aspects may include processing sensor and data outputs as abasis for dynamic adjustment of the transformable corrective opticalelements (block 1048). A possible monitoring technique includesmeasuring via a sensor a current level of average brightness or maximumbrightness or minimum brightness for respective fields of view indifferent gaze directions (block 1043). Other possibilities includeobtaining via a sensor a current data readout regarding scene contrastor spatial frequency content or spectral attributes for respectivefields of view in different gaze directions (block 1044).

Further techniques regarding sensor and data outputs may includeobtaining a valuation that indicates an aperture stop or a focal lengthof the direct-viewing optical device for respective fields of view indifferent gaze directions (block 1046), and in some instances mayinclude obtaining a real-time measurement of a user's pupil diameter forrespective fields of view in different gaze directions (block 1047).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 34 illustrates exemplary processenhancements 1050 that include previously described aspects 1013, 1014,1016 in combination with incorporating corrective optical elementsadapted to ameliorate during varied gaze directions one or more of thefollowing type of low-order aberrations of a current user: de-focus,myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism (block 1041). Other exemplaryprocess features include incorporating corrective optical elementsadapted to ameliorate during varied gaze directions one or more of thefollowing type of high-order aberrations of a current user: coma,spherical aberration, trefoil, chromatic aberration (block 1052).

Other process examples include incorporating corrective optical elementsadapted to ameliorate during varied gaze directions a current user'shigh order aberrations corresponding to Zernike polynomials of order 3or order 4 or order 5 or order 6 or higher (block 1053). Another exampleincludes incorporating transformable optical elements adapted tocompensate during varied gaze directions for one or more aberrations ofa current user characterized by a spatially-sampled wavefront error(block 1054).

Some embodiments may include incorporating transformable opticalelements configured during varied gaze directions to modify a square orhexagonal matrix of sensors or actuators which transform a deformablereflective or refractive aspect of the transformable corrective opticalelements (block 1056). A further aspect may include obtaining access toinformation received from a wavefront detection device that directlymeasures optical aberrations of the particular user's vision (block1057).

Referring to FIG. 35, exemplary embodiments may include various processoperations 1060 including previously described aspects 1013, 1014, 1016as well as obtaining access to a particular user's aberrationinformation or related corrective optical parameters which are receivedfrom a wavefront detector or data record or external source or userinput or on-board memory or removable memory (block 1061). In someinstances a further aspect includes maintaining a data table or databasethat includes eye measurement data and/or corrective optical featuresrespectively correlated with one or more particular users of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 1062). A related aspect may includemaintaining the data table or database that is operably linked with oneor more additional direct-viewing devices which are available to the oneor more particular users (block 1063).

Further possibilities include determining the specified wavefront changefor the current user based on one or more optical properties of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 1066). Related examples includedetermining the specified wavefront change for the current user based ona known radial distortion or calibrated aberration or wavefront error ofa specific direct-viewing optical device (block 1067). An additionalexample includes determining the specified wavefront change based onboth objectively determined and subjectively selected corrective opticalparameters during varied gaze directions (block 1068).

Referring to FIG. 36, various illustrated process features 1070 may beadopted including previously described aspects 1013, 1014, 1016 incombination with incorporating the corrective optical elements in one ofthe following types of direct-viewing optical device: microscope,telescope, binoculars, weapon sight, gun sight, medical instrument,diagnostic tool, manufacturing inspection device (block 1071). Someembodiments may include incorporating the corrective optical elements ina head-mounted type or body-mounted type of specific direct-viewingoptical device (block 1072). Other examples include incorporating thecorrective optical elements in a hand-held type or independentlysupported type of specific direct-viewing optical device (block 1073).

Further possibilities include implementing an operational mode causingdynamic adjustment of one or more transformable corrective opticalelements currently installed in the direct-viewing optical device,wherein such dynamic adjustment includes static controlling or periodiccontrolling or continual controlling of the transformable correctiveoptical elements during varied gaze directions of a current user (block1076).

The detailed flow chart in FIG. 37 shows possible process aspects 1080that include previously described components 1013, 1014, 1016 and alsoinclude tracking a real-time gaze direction of only one eye of theparticular user (block 1081). A related aspect may include repositioningor transforming the corrective optical elements associated with thetracked one eye of the particular user, based on such tracked real-timegaze direction (block 1082).

Other possibilities include tracking a real-time gaze direction of aright eye or left eye of the particular user (block 1083), andrepositioning or transforming the corrective optical elements associatedwith both eyes of the particular user, based on such tracked real-timegaze direction (block 1084). In some instances a further aspect mayinclude obtaining separate information regarding wavefront measurementdata and/or related corrective optical parameters respectivelycorrelated with each eye of the particular user (block 1086).

It will be understood from the exemplary embodiments disclosed hereinthat numerous individual method operations depicted in the flow chartsof FIGS. 31-37 can be incorporated as encoded instructions in computerreadable media in order to obtain enhanced benefits and advantages.

As another embodiment example, FIG. 38 shows a diagrammatic flow chart1100 depicting an article of manufacture which providescomputer-readable media having encoded instructions for executing analignment adjustment method for a direct-viewing optical device (see1102), wherein the method includes confirming installation of one ormore corrective optical elements as an operative component in thedirect-viewing optical device (block 1103); tracking a gaze direction ofa particular user of the direct-viewing optical device during a periodof optical device usage (block 1104); and responsive to detection of theshifted gaze direction, activating a control module to reposition ortransform the corrective optical elements in a manner to produce aspecified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 1106).

Additional programmed aspects may include implementing a firstoperational mode causing physical repositioning of corrective opticalelements and also implementing a second operational mode causing dynamicadjustment of transformable corrective optical elements, in response toa detected shift of the tracked gaze direction (block 1107). Otherprogrammed method examples include tracking a real-time gaze directionof a right eye or left eye of the particular user (block 1108); andenabling repositioning or transformation of the corrective opticalelements associated with both eyes of the particular user, based on suchtracked real-time gaze direction (block 1109).

FIG. 39 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an exemplaryembodiment of a direct-viewing optical device 1120 that includes one ormore types of optical elements (transmissive and/or reflective and/orrefractive and/or diffractive elements shown symbolically), aperture1122, and eyepiece component 1124 for creating an optical wavefront atan exit pupil (see representation of approximate exit plane 108 h). Acontrol module 1128 is operatively connected with one or moretransformable elements (e.g. 1126) that are incorporated in the eyepiececomponent 1124.

Based on establishing an identity of a current user pursuant to a userrecognition protocol 1186 for user interface module 1180, an appropriateinformational source may be accessed via communication link 1181 toobtain certain predetermined optical corrective parameters (see 1150)for a correlated user identity 1154. Some examples of such informationalsources include data table records 1156, external source 1157, database1158, as well as on-board memory 1162 and removable memory 1164. Otherpossible sources may include user data input 1166, wavefront detector1169 and aberration measurement unit 1168. These examples are notintended to be exhaustive but are listed for purposes of illustrationonly.

A list of designated direct-viewing optical devices 1152 adapted forinstallation of transformable optical elements may be helpful in someembodiments to assure that additional corrective optical adjustments cantake into account various types of device-based aberrations (e.g.,radial distortion, calibrated aberration, wavefront error) as well asvarious performance viewing factors (e.g., operating condition, imageproperty, viewing environment) for a given field of view.

The obtained predetermined optical corrective parameters 1150 can bedownloaded 1172 or scanned 1174 or read 1176 or entered 1178 bycircuitry or software programs (e.g., processor 1182, applications 1184)for transmittal via a communication link 1187 to control module 1128 forfurther processing in order to adjust the transformable optical elements1126 to ameliorate various optical aberrations. In some instances aselection of a particular user viewing mode 1190 may be applicable forproper adjustment of the transformable optical elements 1126. Forexample, a selected viewing mode may already provide existing userprescription eyeglasses or contact lens 1192. As another example, aselected viewing mode may proceed based on an absence of any userprescription eyeglasses or contact lens 1194.

It will be understood that different specific direct viewing opticaldevices as well as different models and different types ofdirect-viewing optical devices may be chosen for sequential and/orconcurrent use by the same approved user as well as in some instances bymultiple other approved users. In that regard, user-interface module1180 may be connected via a communication link 1188 to control module1148 that is operatively connected to one or more transformable opticalelements 1146 incorporated in eyepiece component 1144 of a differentdirect-viewing optical device 1140 having aperture 1142 to create anoptical wavefront at an exit pupil (see representation of approximateexit plane 108 k).

It will also be understood that the predetermined optical correctiveparameters 1150 may be periodically updated based on changed aberrationsof an approved user, as well as in some instances based on changedaberrations of a particular direct-viewing optical device, as well as insome instances based on changed performance viewing factors of theparticular direct-viewing optical device.

FIG. 40 shows representative data table records regarding predeterminedoptical corrective parameters for various approved users (see user IDcategory 1200). It may be desirable to make periodic queries to eachapproved user regarding ongoing preferences and changes to the varioustypes of predetermined optical corrective parameters correlated withsuch approved user. Possible data categories include an approved devicelist 1230, and a default setting for both eyes 1240. Additional datacategories may be provided for corrective parameter settings for lefteye low-order aberrations 1250, right eye low-order aberrations 1260,left eye high-order aberrations 1270, and right eye high-orderaberrations 1280.

It will be understood that some of these corrective parameter categoriesmay not be applicable (N/A) to certain approved users. For example onlylow order aberration corrections are needed for Ron 1204 who is approvedfor non-precision direct viewing devices (see 1275, 1285). As anotherexample, only high-order aberration corrections are needed for Les 1206who always wears his low-order aberration contact lens (see 1255, 1265).As a further example, Gary 1214 only uses his “good vision” right eyefor all approved direct-vision optical devices (see 1256, 1276).

Some user IDs may require additional data access via hyperlinks 1235 forrespective details regarding several different direct-viewing devices.For example, see Kim 1202 with hyperlink 1235 a, Ron 1204 with hyperlink1235 b, and Les 1206 with hyperlink 1235 c. Similarly see Linda 1212with hyperlink 1235 d, and Gary 1214 with hyperlink 1235 e.

Some users may require access to only one direct-viewing optical device(e.g. precision microscope 1237 for Chris 1216), wherein both low-orderand high-order aberration corrections are separately required for eacheye (see “no” default setting 1246). Another user Sid 1208 is approvedfor “lab only” type of direct-viewing optical devices (see 1236). Yet afurther user Jan 1218 is approved for “field devices” only (see 1238).Some users such as Marge 1209 and Mort 1219 have the same aberrationsfor both right and left eyes, thereby having their own respectivedefault setting for both eyes (see 1245, 1247). It will be understoodthat some types of direct-viewing optical devices (e.g. binoculars) aretypically viewed with both eyes, while other types of direct-viewingoptical devices may typically be configured for viewing by only one eyeat a time.

Of course the data category examples disclosed herein (see FIG. 40) arenot intended to be limiting, and are provided for purposes ofillustration only. Some of the illustrated data categories may beeliminated and new categories may be added depending on thecircumstances. Data searching and retrieval and related processing maybe accomplished by circuitry and/or programmed software to enablereal-time adjustment of transformable optical elements for a currentapproved user of a particular direct-viewing optical device.

Referring to the high-level flow chart of FIG. 41, various possibleembodiment features 1300 are depicted in connection with adopting amethod for customized usage of a direct-viewing optical device (seeoperation 1302). Such an exemplary method may include obtaining certainpredetermined corrective parameters correlated with at least one type ofoptical aberration of an identified user (block 1303); selecting aparticular direct-viewing optical device for usage by the identifieduser, wherein the particular direct-viewing optical device includes oneor more transformable optical elements (block 1304); and processing thecertain predetermined corrective parameters via a control module toadjust the transformable optical elements in a manner to produce aspecified wavefront change applicable to the identified user at an exitpupil of the direct-viewing optical device (block 1306).

Other possible aspects include providing an on-board memory or removablememory that includes different sets of predetermined customizedcorrective parameters respectively associated with one or moreidentified users of a specific direct-viewing optical device (block1308). Related aspects may include providing security protection for theon-board memory or removable memory pursuant to an encoded or encrypteduser identity correlated with each different set of predeterminedcustomized corrective parameters (block 1309).

Another depicted example includes determining whether the identifieduser will require only higher-level aberrational correction of thetransformable optical elements, because of ongoing benefit of existingprescription eyeglasses or existing prescription contact lenses duringan optical device usage period (block 1311). A further example includesdetermining whether the identified user will require both low-level andhigher-level aberrational correction of the transformable opticalelements, because of removal or other absence of any prescriptioneyeglasses or any prescription contact lenses during an optical deviceusage period (block 1312).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 42 illustrates some embodiment aspects1320 that include previously described operations 1303, 1304, 1306 incombination with downloading or scanning or reading informational datathat includes predetermined corrective parameters to ameliorate loworder and/or high order aberrations of the identified user (block 1321).Other possibilities include downloading or scanning or readinginformational data that includes predetermined corrective parametersapplicable to an operating condition or image property or viewingenvironment obtained by a sensor for a given field of view of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 1322). In some instances a furthermethod feature may include downloading the predetermined correctiveparameters from an aberration measurement unit or a data table or adatabase or an external source (block 1323).

Additional depicted examples include scanning or reading an on-boardmemory or removable memory to obtain the predetermined correctiveparameters (block 1326), and in some instances accepting via user-inputthe predetermined corrective parameters (block 1327). Another possibleimplementation aspect includes responsive to processing the certainpredetermined corrective parameters, causing dynamic adjustment of oneor more transformable optical elements currently installed in thedirect-viewing optical device (block 1328).

The illustrated process embodiment features 1330 shown in FIG. 43include previously described aspects 1303, 1304, 1306 as well asselecting the particular direct-viewing device that includes one or moreof the following types of transformable optical elements: MEMSdeformable mirror, deformable liquid lens, deformable diffractive lensor mirror, liquid crystal phase modulator, controllable metamateriallens or mirror, controllable photonic crystal lens or mirror (block1331). A further example includes selecting the particulardirect-viewing device that includes one or more variable aberrationcorrection elements based on relative displacement or rotation ofcomplementary layers (block 1332). Some embodiments may includeadjusting the transformable optical elements in accordance with thepredetermined corrective parameters to ameliorate one or more of thefollowing type of low-order aberrations of the identified user: myopia,hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism (block 1333).

Additional possibilities include adjusting the transformable opticalelements in accordance with the predetermined corrective parameters toameliorate one or more of the following type of higher-order aberrationsof the identified user: coma, spherical aberration, trefoil, chromaticaberration (block 1334). Another depicted example includes adjusting thetransformable optical elements in accordance with the predeterminedcorrective parameters to ameliorate the identified user's high orderaberrations corresponding to Zernike polynomials of order 3 or order 4or order 5 or order 6 or higher (block 1336).

Referring to illustrated aspects 1340 shown in FIG. 44, someimplementation aspects may include previously described method features1303, 1304, 1306 in combination with obtaining predetermined correctiveparameters that compensate for one or more aberrations characterized bya spatially-sampled wavefront error correlated with the identified user(block 1341). Yet another possibility includes causing a modification ofa square or hexagonal matrix of sensors or actuators which transform adeformable reflective or refractive aspect of the one or moretransformable optical elements (block 1342). Some embodiments mayinclude accepting information from an aberration measurement unitindicating default customized corrective parameters for the identifieduser (block 1343).

An additional enhancement feature may include accepting information viaan interface module from a data table or database or external sourcewhich indicates default customized corrective parameters for theidentified user (block 1344). A further aspect may include acceptinginformation via an interface module adapted to scan or read data fromon-board or removable memory which indicates default customizedcorrective parameters for the identified user (block 1346).

Also shown in FIG. 44 are other exemplary process operations includingadjusting the transformable optical elements to cause a specifiedoptical wavefront change for the identified user to compensate for aradial distortion or calibrated aberration or wavefront error of theselected direct-viewing optical device (block 1347). Some embodimentsmay also include providing other optical components having reflective orrefractive or diffractive or transmissive attributes which are linked incombination with the transformable optical elements to enhance acuity ofthe selected direct-viewing device (block 1348).

FIG. 45 is a detailed flow chart showing possible aspects 1350 such aspreviously described method features 1303, 1304, 1306 as well asselecting one of the following types of direct-viewing optical devices:microscope, telescope, binoculars, weapon sight, gun sight, medicalinstrument, diagnostic tool, manufacturing inspection device,head-mounted, body-mounted, hand-held, independently supported (block1351). Another feature includes obtaining predetermined correctiveparameters correlated with at least one type of optical aberration for aright eye or left eye or both eyes of the identified user (block 1352).

Additional illustrated examples include establishing a current useridentity by name or password or biometric match or eye featurerecognition (block 1353). Other possibilities include selecting theparticular direct-viewing optical device that includes as an integral orauxiliary component the one or more transformable optical elementshaving adjustable reflective and/or refractive and/or diffractivecharacteristics (block 1354).

The illustrated aspects 1360 of FIG. 46 include previously describedoperations 1303, 1304, 1306 that may be combined with enabling dynamicadjustment of the one or more transformable optical elements duringusage by the identified user of one or more of the following types ofdirect-user optical devices: microscope, telescope, binoculars, weaponsight, gun sight, medical instrument, diagnostic tool, manufacturinginspection device, head-mounted, body-mounted, hand-held, independentlysupported (block 1361). Other enhancements may include responsive toestablishing identity of a current user, enabling dynamic adjustment ofthe one or more transformable optical elements pursuant to staticcontrol or periodic control or continuous control of the one or moretransformable optical elements (block 1362). A further illustratedexample includes enhancing optical acuity for the particulardirect-viewing device by causing adjustment of the transformable opticalelements incorporated in one of the following: eyepiece, insert betweena user's eye and an eyepiece, insert between an eyepiece and a remainderoptical device portion, integrated component, auxiliary component,removable component, permanent component, right eye component, left eyecomponent, both eyes component (block 1363).

It will be understood from the various embodiments disclosed herein thatmany individual method operations depicted in the flow charts of FIGS.41-46 can be incorporated as encoded instructions in computer readablemedia in order to obtain enhanced benefits and advantages.

As a further embodiment example, FIG. 47 shows a diagrammatic flow chart1370 depicting an article of manufacture which providescomputer-readable media having encoded instructions for executing amethod for customized usage of a direct-viewing optical device (see1371), wherein the method includes obtaining certain predeterminedcorrective parameters correlated with at least one type of opticalaberration of an identified user (block 1372); activating acommunication link to make the obtained predetermined correctiveparameters accessible to a particular direct-viewing optical device thatincludes one or more transformable optical elements (block 1373); andprocessing the certain predetermined corrective parameters via a controlmodule to adjust the transformable optical elements in a manner toproduce a specified wavefront change applicable to the identified userat an exit pupil of the direct-viewing optical device (block 1374).

Other possible programmed aspects include enabling operative usage ofthe particular direct-viewing device that includes other opticalcomponents having reflective or refractive or diffractive ortransmissive attributes which facilitate enhanced acuity of the selecteddirect-viewing device in combination with the transformable opticalelements (block 1376). Another programmed example includes activatingthe communication link with the particular direct-viewing optical devicethat includes one or more transformable optical elements havingadjustable reflective and/or refractive and/or diffractivecharacteristics (block 1377).

In some programmed embodiments, an exemplary method aspect may includeenhancing optical acuity for the particular direct-viewing device bycausing adjustment of the transformable optical elements incorporated inone of the following: eyepiece, insert between a user's eye and aneyepiece, insert between an eyepiece and a remainder optical deviceportion, integrated component, auxiliary component, removable component,permanent component, right eye component, left eye component, both eyescomponent (block 1377).

FIG. 48 shows representative data records for various types ofprefabricated corrective optical elements associated with one or moreapproved users (see listing of user identities 1400). Possible categorytypes of prefabricated corrective optical elements include disposable1430, transformable or rewritable 1440, and recycleable 1450. Additionalcategory types may include corrective parameters for “high-order only”aberrations (see 1460), or for both “low-order & high-order” aberrations(see 1470). Other possible category types include prefabricatedcorrective optical elements adapted for “only one device type or model”(see 1480), or adapted for “multiple acceptable devices” (see 1490).

It will be understood that some approved users may be associated withseveral different prefabricated corrective optical elements that areavailable for possible present and/or future use, while others may beassociated with only a single prefabricated corrective optical elementavailable for possible present and/or future use. For example, anapproved user John has three user identities (John #00, John #11, John#22) that are each respectively associated with a differentprefabricated corrective optical element. The first optical element (see1402) is recycleable 1452 and corrects both low-order and high-orderaberrations 1472 during usage by John in multiple acceptable devices1491. A hyperlink 1492 enables access to additional informational dataand usage guidelines, etc. for each of the multiple acceptable devices1491.

The second optical element (see 1404) is adapted to be transformable orrewriteable 1442 and corrects high-order aberrations 1462 duringinstalled usage by John in a specified device type or model 1481. Ahyperlink 1482 enables access to additional informational data and usageguidelines, etc. for the specified direct-viewing optical device. Thethird optical element (see 1406) is recycleable and corrects bothlow-order and high-order aberrations 1474 during installed usage by Johnin a different specified device type or model 1484. A separate hyperlinkis provided to enable access to pertinent data and guidelines for thespecified device type or model 1484.

Another illustrated example indicates that an approved user Karl has twouser identities (Karl #00, Karl #11) that are each respectivelyassociated with a different prefabricated corrective optical correctiveelement. The first optical element (see 1409) is transformable orrewritable 1444 and corrects both low-order and high-order aberrations1477 during usage by Karl in multiple acceptable devices 1494. Thesecond optical element (see 1412) is recyleable 1458 and correctshigh-order aberrations 1464 during installed usage by Karl in aspecified device type or model 1486. Separate hyperlinks are enabled toprovide pertinent data and guidelines respectively for the multipleacceptable devices 1494 and the one specified type or model 1486.

A further illustrated example indicates that an approved user Ana hastwo user identities (Ana #00, Ana #11) that are each respectivelyassociated with a different prefabricated corrective optical correctiveelement. The first optical element (see 1414) is recycleable 1459 andcorrects both low-order and high-order aberrations 1478 during usage byAna in multiple acceptable devices 1496. The second optical element (see1416) is disposable 1432 and corrects high-order aberrations 1465 duringinstalled usage by Ana in a specified device type or model 1488.Separate hyperlinks are enabled to provide pertinent data and guidelinesrespectively for the multiple acceptable devices 1496 and the onespecified type or model 1488.

As another example, an approved user Josh has a single user identity1408 associated with an optical element that is recyleable 1456 andcorrects both low-order and high-order aberrations 1476 during installedusage by Josh in multiple acceptable devices 1493. As a further example,an approved user Mira has a single user identity 1418 associated with anoptical element that is transformable or rewritable 1446 and correctsonly high-order aberrations 1466 during installed usage by Mira inmultiple acceptable devices 1497. As a further example, an approvedvisitor has a single user identity 1419 associated with an opticalelement that is disposable 1434 and corrects both low-order andhigh-order aberrations 1479 during installed usage by the visitor inmultiple acceptable devices 1498. Separate hyperlinks are enabled toprovide pertinent data and guidelines for the respective multipleacceptable devices approved for Josh, Mira, and the visitor.

Of course the disclosed data record examples of FIG. 48 are for purposesof illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. Some of thedata categories may be eliminated and other categories may be addeddepending on the circumstances.

FIG. 49 is a schematic block diagram illustrating various exemplaryembodiment features regarding a direct-viewing optical device 1500 thatincludes aperture 1502, eyepiece 1510, and component 1520 configured toreceive an interchangeable optical element 1522 that creates an opticalwavefront at an exit pupil (see representation of approximate exit plane108 m). The interchangeable optical element 1522 is prefabricated toinclude corrective optical parameters that ameliorate aberrationsassociated with a current user's eye 1530. An optical element sensor1524 is adapted to determine whether interchangeable optical element1522 is installed or withdrawn from a mounting receptacle 1523 incomponent 1520.

The exemplary mounting receptacle 1523 includes an inner wall having asize and/or shape adapted to receive a matching definitive exteriorcasing or frame of the interchangeable optical element 1522. Theillustrated latching mechanism 1525 includes a lever arm 1526 attachedthrough a pivotal base 1528 to the eyepiece 1510 to facilitate manual orautomated movement between an open position (shown in phantom 1529) anda closed position (e.g., spring-loaded) where a cap portion 1527securely holds the interchangeable optical element 1522 for optimumoptical viewing alignment. Other types of latching mechanisms (e.g.,magnetic, friction-fit, etc.) may be incorporated in component 1520 in amanner to achieve secure installation without interference with normaloperation and usage of the direct-viewing optical device 1500.

Some embodiments include an inventory unit (see 1540) for safekeeping ofvarious types of interchangeable optical elements 1550, 1553, 1557respectively correlated with approved users of the optical device 1500.Each interchangeable optical element may include detectable referenceindicia or individualized marking 1552, 1556 correlated with an approveduser (e.g. Eva) or a user identity (e.g., Karl #11). In some instanceseach interchangeable optical element may further include detectablereference indicia or individualized marking 1553, 1557 correlated withone or more associated direct-viewing devices such as a microscope(e.g., MS-13) or a different microscope (e.g., MS-14). Of course thereference indicia or individualized marking may be recognizable ordetectable by unaided vision, or perhaps miniaturized or encoded ormachine readable depending on the nature of the device or usageguidelines or security environment.

Accessible optical element data records 1542 (e.g., see FIG. 48) may beincluded with the inventory unit 1540. When the inventory unit 1540 ismoved (see directional arrow) to an unload position relative tocomponent 1520, a selective release adapter 1544 may be activated formanual or automated transfer and installation of an interchangeableoptical element that is vertically positioned (see optical element shownin phantom 1560) above the mounting receptacle 1523.

In order to facilitate coordinated maintenance, selection, installationand withdrawal of various prefabricated corrective optical elements, awireless or wired communication link 1590 may be provided from a userinterface 1520 to the optical device 1500 as well as to the inventoryunit 1540. The exemplary user interface 1520 includes processor 1572,controller 1574, one or more program applications 1576 as well as arecord of user preferences 1578 regarding usage of the variousprefabricated corrective optical elements 1550, 1553, 1557, 1560, 1522.The user interface 1570 may also be adapted to receive removable memory1580 that could include updated informational data as well as an encodeduser ID 1582 for establishing an identity confirmation of an approveduser who is interested in using the direct-viewing optical device 1500.

The high level flow chart of FIG. 50 depicts possible embodimentfeatures 1600 regarding adoption of a method for customized replacementof optical elements in a direct-viewing optical device (block 1602) thatincludes providing a prefabricated corrective optical element thatincludes customized corrective parameters correlated with an approveduser of the direct-viewing optical device (block 1603), and confirmingidentity of the approved user via a user-interface module. A furtherprocess feature responsive to the confirmed identity includes enablinginstallation and withdrawal of the prefabricated corrective opticalelement as a replaceable operative component in the direct-viewingoptical device to produce a specified wavefront change applicable to theapproved user at an exit pupil of the direct-viewing optical device(block 1606).

Additional exemplary aspects include selecting the prefabricatedcorrective optical element that includes a definitive external sizeand/or shape corresponding to a mounting receptacle of a specificdirect-viewing optical device (block 1608). A further possible aspectinclude selecting the prefabricated corrective optical element thatincludes detectable reference indicia or individualized markingindicative of the approved user (block 1609). Some implementations mayalso include enabling automated insertion and/or automated withdrawal ofthe prefabricated corrective optical element as the replaceableoperative component in the direct-viewing optical device (block 1611).

Yet another possibility includes providing an inventory unit associatedwith the direct-viewing optical device and adapted for safekeeping ofone or more identified prefabricated corrective optical elements duringa dormant period of non-use (block 1612). In some instances anembodiment may include maintaining for safekeeping an inventory ofmultiple identified prefabricated corrective optical elementsrespectively associated with different approved users of one or moredirect-viewing optical devices (block 1613).

Referring to the detailed flow chart of FIG. 51, various process aspects1620 may include previously described operations 1603, 1604, 1606 aswell as selecting the prefabricated corrective optical element thatincludes a definitive external size and/or shape corresponding to amounting receptacle of a specific direct-viewing optical device (block1621). Other process aspects include selecting the prefabricatedcorrective optical element that includes customized correctiveparameters applicable to an operating condition or image property orviewing environment obtained by a sensor for a given field of view ofthe direct-viewing optical device (block 1622). An additional processfeature may include accepting user-input for selection of a particularprefabricated corrective optical element (blck 1623).

Further possible enhancements include selecting the prefabricatedcorrective optical element that includes customized correctiveparameters to ameliorate low order and/or high order aberrations of theapproved user (block 1626), and may further include selecting theprefabricated corrective optical element that includes customizedcorrective parameters to ameliorate one or more of the following type oflow-order aberrations of the approved user: myopia, hyperopia,presbyopia, astigmatism (block 1627). Some embodiments may includeselecting the prefabricated corrective optical element that includescustomized corrective parameters to ameliorate one or more of thefollowing type of higher-order aberrations of the approved user: coma,spherical aberration, trefoil, chromatic aberration (block 1628).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 52 depicts exemplary process features1630 such as previously described aspects 1603, 1604, 1606 combined withselecting the prefabricated corrective optical element that includescustomized corrective parameters to ameliorate the approved user's highorder aberrations corresponding to Zernike polynomials of order 3 ororder 4 or order 5 or order 6 or higher (block 1631). Another depictedprocess feature includes selecting the prefabricated corrective opticalelement that includes customized corrective parameters to compensate forone or more aberrations characterized by a spatially-sampled wavefronterror of the approved user (block 1632). Some exemplary aspects mayinclude incorporating in a specific direct-viewing optical device otheroptical members that include reflective or refractive or diffractive ortransmissive attributes which facilitate satisfactory operation of thedirect-viewing optical device in combination with the prefabricatedcorrective optical element (block 1633).

Additional possibilities include incorporating the prefabricatedcorrective optical element as the replaceable operative component in oneof the following types of specific direct-viewing optical device:microscope, telescope, binoculars, weapon sight, gun sight, medicalinstrument, diagnostic tool, manufacturing inspection device,head-mounted, body-mounted, hand-held, independently supported (block1636). Yet other embodiments may include obtaining informationindicating a right eye or left eye or both eyes of the approved userwhich correspond to the predetermined customized corrective parametersof the prefabricated corrective optical element (block 1637).

Referring to FIG. 53, various illustrated flow chart aspects 1640include previously described operations 1603, 1604, 1606 along withmaintaining an on-board memory or removable memory that includescustomized corrective parameters respectively correlated with one ormore approved users of a specific direct-viewing optical device, forprocessing by a fabrication unit to make the prefabricated correctiveoptical element (block 1641). A related aspect may include maintainingthe on-board memory or removable memory that includes an encoded orencrypted user identity that is correlated with the customizedcorrective parameters (block 1642).

Other exemplary process aspects include establishing the approved useridentity by name or password or biometric match or eye featurerecognition (block 1643). A further possible aspect includes making adetermination whether the approved user will require only higher-levelaberrational correction implemented in the prefabricated correctiveoptical element, because of ongoing benefit of existing prescriptioneyeglasses or existing prescription contact lenses during an opticaldevice usage period (block 1646). Another possible related featureincludes responsive to the determination, selecting an appropriateprefabricated corrective optical element that includes predeterminedcorrective parameters to ameliorate higher-level aberrations of theapproved user (block 1647).

A further illustrated implementation includes making a determinationwhether the approved user will require both low-level and higher-levelaberrational correction implemented in the prefabricated opticalelement, because of removal or other absence of any prescriptioneyeglasses or any prescription contact lenses during an optical deviceusage period (block 1648). an exemplary related aspect includesresponsive to the determination, selecting an appropriate prefabricatedcorrective optical element that includes predetermined correctiveparameters to ameliorate both low-level and higher-level aberrations ofthe approved user (block 1649).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 54 illustrates possible processenhancements including previously described aspects 1603, 1604, 160 incombination with selecting the prefabricated corrective optical elementthat includes predetermined corrective parameters for causing thespecified optical wavefront change for the approved user based on aknown radial distortion or calibrated aberration or wavefront error of aspecific direct-viewing optical device (block 1651). A further processexample includes selecting one of the following type of prefabricatedcorrective optical elements: eyepiece, insert between a user's eye andan eyepiece, insert between an eyepiece and a remainder optical deviceportion, right eye component, left eye component, both eyes component(block 1652).

Additional possibilities include selecting the prefabricated correctiveoptical element that is recycleable after removal as the replaceableoperative component, to be kept in inventory for possible future use bya same approved user of the direct-viewing optical device (block 1656).In some instances a method feature may include selecting theprefabricated corrective optical element that is capable of beingtransformable and/or rewriteable after removal as the replaceableoperative component, to be kept in inventory for possible future use bya different approved user of the direct-viewing optical device (block1657). Some implementations may further includes selecting theprefabricated corrective optical element that is intended to bedisposable after removal as the replaceable operative component of thedirect-viewing optical device (block1658).

The detailed flow chart illustrated in FIG. 55 depicts various exemplaryprocess aspects 1660 that include previously described operation 1603,1604, 1606 as well as maintaining a data record listing a user identityrespectively associated with the prefabricated corrective opticalelement that was recycled and kept in inventory for future use (block1661). A further possible aspect includes enabling manual insertionand/or manual withdrawal of the prefabricated corrective optical elementas the replaceable operative component in the direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 1662). Some exemplary aspects may further includesenabling retrieval from inventory and/or return to inventory of theprefabricated corrective optical element (block 1663).

Other possibilities include providing a mounting receptacle that isuniquely formatted for accepting only the prefabricated correctiveoptical element intended for use with a specific direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 1666). A further process example includes causing atranslational or rotatable movement of an installed prefabricatedcorrective optical element between an off-line position and an on-lineposition relative to an optical viewing path of the direct-viewingoptical device (block 1667).

Various possible embodiment features 1670 are illustrated in the flowchart of FIG. 56 including previously described process aspects 1603,1604, 1606 along with selecting the prefabricated corrective opticalelement that is configured to be the replaceable operative component formore than one specific or more than one type of direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 1671).

Further examples include implementing one or more of the following typesof optical fabrication techniques for creating the prefabricatedcorrective optical element: physical vapor deposition (PVD),photolithography, molding, injection molding, replication, casting,vacuum casting, ion beam, chemical etching, selective etching, masking,magnetorheological (MR) polishing, grinding, polishing, laser ablation(block 1672). Another exemplary aspect includes activating a fabricationunit associated with the direct-viewing optical device to implement oneof the aforesaid optical fabrication techniques, in accordance withpredetermined customized corrective parameters obtained from anaberration measurement unit or data table or database or external sourceor on-board memory or removable memory or user-input (block 1673).

Referring to the detailed flow chart of FIG. 57, exemplary processaspects 1680 include previously described operation 1603, 1604, 1606combined with incorporating a standardized mounting format in more thanone type of direct-viewing optical device to enable insertion andwithdrawal of the prefabricated corrective optical element as thereplaceable operative component in different direct-viewing opticaldevices (block 1681). In some instances a process aspect includeslocking via a selective latching mechanism an acceptable prefabricatedcorrective optical element in operative position (block 1682).

Additional possibilities include providing a selective mounting formatthat prevents installation of an unacceptable prefabricated correctiveoptical element intended for use in a different direct-viewing opticaldevice (block 1683). Another example includes detecting insertion and/orwithdrawal of the prefabricated corrective optical element as thereplaceable operative component in the direct-viewing optical device(block 1684).

It will be understood from the exemplary embodiments disclosed hereinthat various individual method operations depicted in the flow charts ofFIGS. 50-57 can be incorporated as encoded instructions in computerreadable media in order to obtain enhanced benefits and advantages.

As another embodiment example, FIG. 58 shows a diagrammatic flow chart1690 depicting an article of manufacture which provides computerreadable media having encoded instructions for executing a correctivemethod for a direct-viewing optical device (see 1691), wherein themethod includes detecting identity of an approved user of adirect-viewing optical device capable of receiving a prefabricatedcorrective optical element that includes customized correctiveparameters correlated with the approved user (block 1692); andresponsive to the confirmed identity, activating the direct-viewingoptical device after confirmed installation of the prefabricatedcorrective optical element as a replaceable operative component in thedirect-viewing optical device to produce a specified wavefront changeapplicable to the approved user at an exit pupil of the direct-viewingoptical device (block 1693).

Additional possible programmed aspects include confirming installationof the prefabricated corrective optical element that is recycleableafter removal as the replaceable operative component, to be kept ininventory for possible future use by a same approved user of thedirect-viewing optical device (block 1688). A related programmed aspectmay include maintaining a data record listing a user identityrespectively associated with the prefabricated corrective opticalelement that was recycled and kept in inventory for future use (block1689).

Some embodiments may provide a programmed feature that includesconfirming installation of the prefabricated corrective optical elementthat is capable of being transformable and/or rewriteable after removalas the replaceable operative component, to be kept in inventory forpossible future use by a different approved user of the direct-viewingoptical device (block 1694). Another possible programmed featureincludes confirming installation of the prefabricated corrective opticalelement that is intended to be disposable after removal as thereplaceable operative component of the direct-viewing optical device(block 1696).

In some instances a further programmed aspect includes confirminginsertion and/or withdrawal of the prefabricated corrective opticalelement as the replaceable operative component in the direct-viewingoptical device (block 1697). An additional programmed example includesenabling retrieval from inventory and/or return to inventory of theprefabricated corrective optical element (block 1698). Another possibleprogrammed aspect includes maintaining inventory records for theprefabricated corrective optical element that is indicated to be thereplaceable operative component for only one specific or one type ofdirect-viewing optical device (block 1699).

Referring to the schematic block diagram of FIG. 59, an exemplaryon-site or remote optical fabrication unit 1710 includes processor 1712,controller module 1713, and one or more applications 1714 which areconfigured to create various types of prefabricated optical elements1720 capable of removable installation in a direct-viewing opticaldevice 1725 having aperture 1726. Where an embodiment includes anon-site optical fabrication unit 1710 associated with the direct-viewingoptical device 1725, such a prefabricated optical element may bedirectly available (see 1721) for automatic or manual insertion (seedirectional arrow 1744) in a mounting receptacle 1742 that is attachedadjacent to an eyepiece 1727 of the direct-viewing optical device 1725.

In some instances the mounting receptacle 1742 is adapted forcomplementary supporting contact with a casing 1736 of a prefabricatedoptical element 1740. Such complementary supporting contact may in someinstances be in accordance with certain optical device installmentspecifications (e.g., see 1762 in data records 1760) to facilitatesecure installation as well as to avoid inadvertent installation into anon-approved or non-correlated direct-viewing optical device. Additionalinstallation aspects may include a slidable capping member 1746 adaptedfor moving back and forth (see directional arrow 1748) between a closedlatching position as shown in FIG. 59 and an open-access position thatallows insertion or withdrawal of the prefabricated optical element 1740as an operative component of the direct-viewing optical device 1725.

In the event an approved user is not presently scheduled for usage ofthe direct-viewing optical device 1725, one or more prefabricatedoptical elements can be transferred (see 1722) to an inventory ofreplaceable passive corrective elements 1730 to be available for usageat a future time period. Such an inventory collection may includeseparately calibrated optical elements 1732, 1733, 1734 respectivelycorrelated with different approved users of direct-viewing opticaldevice 1726. Of course it will be understood that after a device usageperiod with prefabricated optical element 1740 had been completed, suchprefabricated optical element 1740 may also be transferred to theinventory collection 1730 to be available for usage at a future timeperiod.

Another system embodiment feature may include an interface module 1750having a communication link with the optical fabrication unit 1710 in amanner to enable informational data regarding customized correctiveoptical parameters to be accessible to optical fabrication unit 1710 aswell as to other interested parties. Such informational data may beobtainable via wired communication channel and/or wireless transmission(see 1766) from various types of data records 1760 that could include adata table or database or external source as well as in some instancesan on-board memory or removable memory of the direct-viewing opticaldevice 1725.

Examples of pertinent information maintained in data records 1760 to beaccessible to optical fabrication unit 1710 may include correctiveoptical parameters 1764 and their correlated approved user list 1763 toachieve enhanced acuity of the direct-viewing optical device 1725.Another pertinent type of updatable information maintained in datarecords 1760 may include an inventory listing of prefabricated opticalelements 1768 available for future use. Additional helpful informationmaintained in data records 1760 may include optical device installmentspecifications 1762 applicable to the direct-viewing optical device 1725that are indicative of a definitive external size and/or shape and/orcalibration for the casing 1736 in order to achieve complementaryacceptance by mounting receptacle 1742. It will be understood that someembodiments will provide prefabricated optical elements capable of beingremovably installed without any need for a protective frame such ascasing 1736, depending on the circumstances of usage and also the typeof direct-viewing optical device involved (e.g., table mounted,handheld, high precision, etc.)

In some embodiments a communication link 1752 may be provided betweeninterface module 1750 and a remote or local aberration measurement unit1770 configured for diagnostic monitoring of a prospective user's eye1772 in order to obtain detected wavefront errors 1776 associated withone or more user identities 1774. The aberration measurement unit 1770may include processor module 1777 that includes circuitry and/orspecialized software programs for data manipulation and processing andcalculation to generate corrective optical parameters 1778 correlatedrespectively with individual user identities 1774. In someimplementation it may be desirable to provide a communication link 1754from the aberration measurement unit 1770 for purposes of updating datarecords 1760 to assure maintenance of data integrity and futureavailability of the detected wavefront errors 1776, respective useridentities 1774, and generated corrective optical parameters 1778.

The schematic block diagram of FIG. 60 illustrates additional exemplaryembodiment features related to an optical fabrication unit 1780 thatincludes processor 1782, one or more programmed applications 1783, andcontroller module 1784. A communication link 1786 may provide anoperable connection between the optical fabrication unit 1780 andaccessible data records 1800 via an interface module 1790. Thecommunication link 1786 may also provide an operable connection betweenthe optical fabrication unit 1780 and other accessible data indicatingdirect-viewing optical device properties 1795 via the interface module1790. It will be understood that communication links with interfacemodule 1790 may be implemented via wireless transmission (see 1791,1792) as well as in some instances via wired communication channels.

Such operative connections via interface module 1790 facilitate creationof various types of prefabricated replaceable corrective opticalelements for current operative installation in specifically differentdirect-viewing optical devices such as 1820 with aperture 1828, 1830with aperture 1838, and 1840 with aperture 1848. A further possiblefeature enables output 1786 from the optical fabrication unit 1780 to betransferred to an inventory of replaceable passive corrective elements1788 which are maintained for removable installation in a particulardirect-viewing optical device at a future time period.

Examples of the informational data maintained in the accessible datarecords 1800 include separate categories for individual users such as afirst user identity (ID) 1802 and a second user identity (ID) 1812.Possible pertinent data entries regarding the first user ID 1802 includea listing of approved optical devices 1803, respective wavefront errormeasurements 1804, corrective optical parameters for left and right eyes1806, and corrective optical parameters with usage of existingprescription eyeglasses or contact lens 1807. Possible pertinent dataentries regarding the second user ID 1812 include a listing of approvedoptical devices 1813, respective wavefront error measurements 1814,corrective optical parameters for left and right eyes 1816, andcorrective optical parameters with usage of existing prescriptioneyeglasses or contact lens 1817. Of course some users may have identicalor closely similar aberrations for both eyes, thereby eliminating theneed for listing separate eye corrective parameters.

Examples of the informational data maintained regarding direct-viewingoptical device properties 1795 include radial distortion 1796,calibrated aberration 1797, and wavefront error 1799. An additional setof data may include corrective element installment specifications 1799that assures complementary support between an installed prefabricatedreplaceable corrective element and a mounting receptable in a particulardirect-viewing optical device.

It will be appreciated that some mounting receptacles may bestandardized for various types of direct-viewing optical devices (e.g.,see 1830, 1840), while other mounting receptacles may incorporatedefinitive calibrated aspects that are uniquely associated with aspecific one or a particular type of direct-viewing device (e.g., see1820). In that regard the illustrated embodiments for direct-viewingdevices 1830, 1840 include mounting receptacles 1832, 1842 respectivelyadjacent to eyepieces 1836, 1846, wherein both internal sleeves 1833,1843 include a standardized size and/or shape (indicated by a samearrow-install symbol 1834, 1844) adapted for accepting variousprefabricated replaceable corrective elements maintained in inventory1788. In contrast the illustrated embodiment for direct-viewing device1820 includes a mounting receptacle adjacent to eyepiece 1826, whereinan internal sleeve 1823 includes a unique size and/or shape (indicatedby a stylized arrow-install symbol 1824) adapted to accept aprefabricated replaceable corrective element dedicated only forinstallation in direct-viewing device 1820.

The schematic block diagram of FIG. 61 illustrates various examples ofdirect-viewing optical devices 1850, 1880, 1890 that are configured foraccepting installation of prefabricated replaceable corrective elementscorrelated with an individual approved user. The drawing shows a topview of the embodiments of direct-viewing optical devices 1850, 1880,1890 for purposes of clarity.

For example the embodiment for direct-viewing optical device 1850includes aperture 1851, eyepiece 1857 and other reflective and/orrefractive and/or diffractive and/or transmissive optical elements forenabling viewing by a current user's eye 1852. A mounting receptable1853 adjacent to eyepiece 1857 is adapted for programmed selection (see1855) with subsequent automated insertion and eventual automatedwithdrawal (see directional arrow 1856) of the selected prefabricatedpassive corrective element (see 1855 shown in phantom as 1854) thatincludes corrective optical parameters correlated with the current user.

The mounting receptacle 1853 is operably coupled to an inventorycarousel 1860 having an outer ring 1862 that includes slots (not shown)for holding individual prefabricated passive corrective elements (e.g.,1863, 1864). A user interface 1866 is provided for confirming anapproved user identity and in some instances for accepting user inputdata. The user interface 1866 is operatively connected with a controlmodule 1868 that may be programmed for supervisory management androtation (see directional arrow 1876) of the inventory carousel 1860pursuant to various command signals from a control panel 1870. Forexample when a user identity is confirmed by the control module 1868, anapplication program or circuitry is configured to respond to commandsignals that include “find corrective optical element” 1871, or “rotatecarousel” 1872, or “insert optical element” 1873 into the mountingreceptable 1853, or “withdraw optical element” 1874 from the mountingreceptacle 1853 in accordance with usage requirements that are enteredvia the user interface 1866. Of course other command signals can beincorporated as part of the control panel depending on the circumstancesand the type of direct-viewing device that is involved. It will beunderstood that some approved users may have more than one correlatedcorrective element adapted for use on the same direct-viewing opticaldevice 1850.

As another example, direct-viewing optical device 1880 includes controlpanel 1882 operably connected with appropriate computerized circuitryand/or programmed applications (not shown) to enable automated insertionand withdrawal of selected prefabricated passive corrective elements1885, 1886, 1887. A longitudinal slide member 1883 is configured tosecurely hold each of the corrective elements 1885, 1886, 1887, whereinthe longitudinal slide member 1883 is activated by the control panel1882 for movement back and forth (see directional arrow 1884) inresponse to commands from the control panel 1882. Corrective opticalelement 1885 is shown to be currently installed as an operativecomponent of the direct-viewing optical device 1880. Based on usagerequirements by multiple approved users, some of the corrective elementsheld in the longitudinal slide member 1883 can be removed for temporarystorage in inventory, and replacement corrective elements can be obtainfrom inventory for placement on the longitudinal slide member 1883. Ofcourse some approved users may have more than one correlated correctiveelement adapted for use on the same direct-viewing optical device 1880.

As a further example, direct-viewing optical device 1890 includes arotational wheel 1891 having separate arms 1892 that securely holdindividual prefabricated passive corrective elements 1895, 1896, 1897,1898. The rotational wheel can be manually rotated (see directionalarrow 1893) to install a selected corrective element as an operativecomponent (see 1895) of the direct-viewing optical device 1890 duringusage by a correlated approved user. Based on usage requirements bymultiple approved users, some of the corrective elements held on therotational wheel 1891 can be removed for temporary storage in inventory,and replacement corrective elements can be obtain from inventory forplacement on the separate arms 1892. Of course some approved users mayhave more than one correlated corrective element adapted for use on thesame direct-viewing optical device 1890.

Referring to the flow chart of FIG. 62, various possible processembodiment features 1900 are illustrated in connection with adopting afabrication method for replaceable corrective elements in adirect-viewing optical device (see 1902), including creating a passiveoptical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications that facilitate its removable insertion as an operativecomponent in a particular direct-viewing optical device (block 1903),obtaining informational data regarding customized corrective opticalparameters correlated with an approved user of the particulardirect-viewing optical device (block 1904), and processing the obtainedinformational data in a manner that enables a fabrication unit toincorporate such customized corrective optical parameters in the passiveoptical corrective element (block 1905).

Other possible process aspects may include creating the passive opticalcorrective element that is capable of removable installation in only onespecific or only one type of particular direct-viewing optical device(block 1908). Another example includes creating the passive opticalcorrective element that is capable of removable installation in morethan one specific or more than one type of particular direct-viewingoptical device (block 1909). A further example includes creating thepassive optical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications that include a definitive external size and/or shapecorresponding to a mounting receptacle of the particular direct-viewingoptical device (block 1911). Some embodiments may include receivingcustomized corrective parameters provided by user-input (block 1912).

In some instances a process aspect includes creating the passive opticalcorrective element to facilitate its removable insertion as an operativecomponent for producing a specified wavefront change at an exit pupil inone of the following types of particular direct-viewing optical device:microscope, telescope, binoculars, weapon sight, gun sight, medicalinstrument, diagnostic tool, manufacturing inspection device,head-mounted, body-mounted, hand-held, independently supported (block1913).

Another possibility includes placing indicia or marking on the passiveoptical corrective element that establishes identity of the approveduser correlated with the customized corrective parameters (block 1916).A further possibility includes placing indicia or marking on the passiveoptical corrective element that establishes identity of the particulardirect-viewing optical device intended for removable installation of thepassive optical corrective element (block 1917).

The detailed flow chart of FIG. 63 illustrates various embodimentexamples 1920 that include previously described operations 1903, 1904,1906 in combination with incorporating certain customized correctiveparameters in the passive optical corrective element to amelioratelow-order and/or high-order aberrations of the approved user (block1921). Another example includes incorporating certain customizedcorrective parameters in the passive optical corrective element tocompensate for an operating condition or image property or viewingenvironment of the particular direct-viewing optical device (block1922).

Additional process aspects may include obtaining access to customizedcorrective parameters from an aberration measurement unit or a datatable or a database or an external source (block 1923). Another processaspect may include scanning or reading the customized correctiveparameters from an on-board memory or removable memory of the particulardirect-viewing optical device (block 1924). Further possibleenhancements include incorporating certain customized correctiveparameters in the passive optical corrective element to ameliorate oneor more low-order aberrations of the approved user that include myopiaor hyperopia or presbyopia or astigmatism (block 1926). Some embodimentfeatures may include incorporating certain customized correctiveparameters in the passive optical corrective element to ameliorate oneor more high-order aberrations of the approved user that include coma orspherical aberration or trefoil or chromatic aberration (block 1927).

The exemplary embodiment features 1930 illustrated in FIG. 64 includepreviously described aspects 1903, 1904, 1906 as well as creating thepassive optical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications that facilitate its removable insertion in one of thefollowing components of the particular direct-viewing optical device:eyepiece, insert between a user's eye and an eyepiece, insert between aneyepiece and a remainder optical device portion, right eye component,left eye component, both eyes component (block 1937).

Another possible process aspect includes incorporating certaincustomized corrective parameters in the passive optical correctiveelement to ameliorate the approved user's high order aberrationscorresponding to Zernike polynomials of order 3 or order 4 or order 5 ororder 6 or higher (block 1932). A further example includes incorporatingcertain customized corrective parameters in the passive opticalcorrective element to compensate for one or more aberrationscharacterized by a spatially-sampled wavefront error (block 1933).

Other possibilities include incorporating certain customized correctiveparameters in the passive optical corrective element to compensate for aknown radial distortion or calibrated aberration or wavefront error ofthe particular direct-viewing optical device (block 1934). Someimplementations may include incorporating certain customized correctiveparameters in the passive optical corrective element to ameliorate anaberration of a right eye or left eye or both eyes of the approved user(block 1936).

FIG. 65 illustrates additional combinations of various process features1940 that include previously described aspects 1903, 1904, 1906 as wellas creating the passive optical corrective element that is capable ofbeing recycled for future usage after its withdrawal as an operativecomponent of the particular direct-viewing device (block 1942). Furtherpossible process features include creating the passive opticalcorrective element that is capable of being rewriteable for future usageafter its withdrawal as an operative component of the particulardirect-viewing device (block 1943).

Some embodiments may include receiving eye measurement data indicativeof one or more optical aberrations of the approved user, as a basis fordetermining the customized corrective optical parameters (block 1946). Arelated possible aspect includes processing the received eye measurementdata in a manner to generate the customized corrective parametersincorporated in the passive optical corrective element (block 1947).

Referring to the detailed flow chart of FIG. 66, possible processembodiment features 1950 include previously described operations 1903,1904, 1906 in combination with creating the passive optical correctiveelement that is intended to be disposable after its withdrawal as anoperative component of the particular direct-viewing device (block1952). Another process example includes implementing at least one of thefollowing types of optical fabrication techniques for creating thepassive optical corrective element: physical vapor deposition (PVD),photolithography, molding, injection molding, replication, casting,vacuum casting, ion beam, chemical etching, selective etching, masking,magnetorheological (MR) polishing, grinding, polishing, laser ablation(block 1956).

A further possible enhancement includes receiving informational dataindicative of one or more optical aberrations characterized by aspatially-sampled wavefront error of the approved user, as a basis fordetermining the customized corrective optical parameters (block 1953). Arelated aspect may include processing the received spatially-sampledwavefront error data in a manner to generate the customized correctiveparameters incorporated in the passive optical corrective element (block1954).

It will be understood from the exemplary embodiments disclosed hereinthat various individual method operations depicted in the flow charts ofFIGS. 62-66 can be incorporated as encoded instructions in computerreadable media to obtain further benefits and advantages.

As another embodiment example, FIG. 67 shows a diagrammatic flow chart1960 depicting an article of manufacture implemented in computerreadable media having encoded instructions for executing a fabricationmethod for replaceable corrective elements in a direct-viewing opticaldevice (see 1962), wherein the method includes creating a passiveoptical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications that facilitate its removable insertion as an operativecomponent in a particular direct-viewing optical device (block 1963),obtaining informational data regarding customized corrective opticalparameters correlated with an approved user of the particulardirect-viewing optical device, (block 1964), and processing the obtainedinformational data to enable incorporation of such customized correctiveoptical parameters in the passive optical corrective element (block1966).

Further possible programmed aspects include obtaining access tocustomized corrective parameters from an aberration measurement unit ora data table or a database or an external source (block 1968), and insome instances scanning or reading the customized corrective parametersfrom an on-board memory or removable memory of the particulardirect-viewing optical device (block 1969). Another example of aprogrammed operation includes creating the passive optical correctiveelement that is capable of being recycled for future usage after itswithdrawal as an operative component of the particular direct-viewingdevice (block 1971).

Additional examples of programmed operations shown in FIG. 67 includecreating the passive optical corrective element that is capable of beingrewriteable for future usage after its withdrawal as an operativecomponent of the particular direct-viewing device (block 1972). Someprogrammed aspects may include creating the passive optical correctiveelement that is intended to be disposable after its withdrawal as anoperative component of the particular direct-viewing device (block1973).

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the variouscomponents and elements disclosed in the system and schematic diagramsherein as well as the various steps and sub-steps disclosed in the flowcharts herein may be incorporated together in different claimedcombinations in order to enhance possible benefits and advantages.

The exemplary system, apparatus, and computer program productembodiments disclosed herein including FIGS. 1-5, FIGS. 15-18, FIGS.29-30, FIGS. 38-40, FIGS. 47-49, FIGS. 58-61, and FIG. 67 along withother components, devices, know-how, skill and techniques known in theart have the capability of implementing and practicing the methods andprocesses depicted in FIGS. 6-14, FIGS. 19-28, FIGS. 31-37, FIGS. 41-46,FIGS. 50-57, and FIGS. 62-66. However it is to be further understood bythose skilled in the art that other systems, apparatus and technologymay be used to implement and practice such methods and processes.

Exemplary methods, systems and components enable an enhanceddirect-viewing optical device to include customized adjustments thataccommodate various optical aberrations of a current user. A real-timeadjustment of transformable optical elements is sometimes based onpredetermined corrective optical parameters associated with a currentuser. Customized optical elements are incorporated with thedirect-viewing optical device to produce a specified change in opticalwavefront at an exit pupil. Possible transformable or replacementoptical elements may have refractive and/or reflective and/ordiffractive and/or transmissive characteristics that are selected basedon current performance viewing factors for a given field of view of thedirect-viewing device. Some embodiments enable dynamic repositioningand/or transformation of corrective optical elements responsive to adetected shift of a tracked gaze direction of a current user.Replacement corrective optical elements may be fabricated for currentusage or retained in inventory for possible future usage in thedirect-viewing device.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments ofthe devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts,and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/orexamples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will beunderstood by those within the art that each function and/or operationwithin such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented,individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software,firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment,several portions of the subject matter described herein may beimplemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), FieldProgrammable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), orother integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art willrecognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, inwhole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integratedcircuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or morecomputers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computersystems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors(e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors),as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designingthe circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmwarewould be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light ofthis disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capableof being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, andthat an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described hereinapplies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium usedto actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal bearingmedium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable typemedium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), aDigital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, a computer memory, etc.; and atransmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analogcommunication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wiredcommunications link, a wireless communication link (e.g., transmitter,receiver, transmission logic, reception logic, etc.), etc.).

The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates differentcomponents contained within, or connected with, different othercomponents. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures aremerely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures may beimplemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense,any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality iseffectively “associated” such that the desired functionality isachieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve aparticular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each othersuch that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective ofarchitectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components soassociated can also be viewed as being “operably connected,” or“operably coupled,” to each other to achieve the desired functionality,and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewedas being “operably couplable,” to each other to achieve the desiredfunctionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but arenot limited to physically mateable and/or physically interactingcomponents, and/or wirelessly interactable, and/or wirelesslyinteracting components, and/or logically interacting, and/or logicallyinteractable components.

In some instances, one or more components may be referred to herein as“configured to,” “configured by,” “configurable to,” “operable/operativeto,” “adapted/adaptable,” “able to,” “conformable/conformed to,” etc.Those skilled in the art will recognize that such terms (e.g.“configured to”) can generally encompass active-state components and/orinactive-state components and/or standby-state components, unlesscontext requires otherwise.

While particular aspects of the present subject matter described hereinhave been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modificationsmay be made without departing from the subject matter described hereinand its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are toencompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as arewithin the true spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein.It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, termsused herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of theappended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term“including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” theterm “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term“includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,”etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if aspecific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such anintent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence ofsuch recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid tounderstanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of theintroductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claimrecitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed toimply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinitearticles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing suchintroduced claim recitation to claims containing only one suchrecitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases“one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or“an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “atleast one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use ofdefinite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, evenif a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitlyrecited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitationshould typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number(e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without othermodifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or morerecitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a conventionanalogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in generalsuch a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the artwould understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one ofA, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have Aalone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where aconvention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, ingeneral such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill inthe art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at leastone of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that haveA alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be furtherunderstood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive wordand/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in thedescription, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplatethe possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, orboth terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “Aor B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A”or “B” or “A and B.”

With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art willappreciate that recited operations therein may generally be performed inany order. Also, although various operational flows are presented in asequence(s), it should be understood that the various operations may beperformed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may beperformed concurrently. Examples of such alternate orderings may includeoverlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental,preparatory, supplemental, simultaneous, reverse, or other variantorderings, unless context dictates otherwise. Furthermore, terms like“responsive to,” “related to,” or other past-tense adjectives aregenerally not intended to exclude such variants, unless context dictatesotherwise.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, otheraspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art.The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes ofillustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scopeand spirit being indicated by the following claims.

1. A fabrication system for replaceable corrective elements in adirect-viewing optical device, comprising: a fabrication unit configuredto create a passive optical corrective element in accordance withinstallation specifications that facilitate its removable insertion asan operative component in a particular direct-viewing optical device; aninterface module that is adapted to receive informational data regardingcustomized corrective optical parameters correlated with an approveduser of the particular direct-viewing optical device; and acommunication link between the interface module and the fabrication unitto enable incorporating such customized corrective optical parameters inthe passive optical corrective element created by the fabrication unit.2. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit is configured toprocess and incorporate certain customized corrective parameters in thepassive optical corrective element to ameliorate low-order and/orhigh-order aberrations of the approved user.
 3. The system of claim 1wherein said fabrication unit is configured to process and incorporatecertain customized corrective parameters in the passive opticalcorrective element to compensate for an operating condition or imageproperty or viewing environment of the particular direct-viewing opticaldevice.
 4. The system of claim 1 wherein said interface module isadapted to receive customized corrective parameters from an aberrationmeasurement unit or a data table or a database or an external source. 5.The system of claim 1 wherein said interface module is adapted toreceive customized corrective parameters that are scanned or read froman on-board memory or removable memory of the particular direct-viewingoptical device.
 6. The system of claim 1 wherein said interface moduleis adapted to receive customized corrective parameters that are providedby user-input.
 7. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit isconfigured to process and incorporate certain customized correctiveparameters in the passive optical corrective element to ameliorate oneor more low-order aberrations of the approved user that include myopiaor hyperopia or presbyopia or astigmatism.
 8. The system of claim 1wherein said fabrication unit is configured to process and incorporatecertain customized corrective parameters in the passive opticalcorrective element to ameliorate one or more high-order aberrations ofthe approved user that include coma or spherical aberration or trefoilor chromatic aberration.
 9. The system of claim 1 wherein saidfabrication unit is configured to process and incorporate certaincustomized corrective parameters in the passive optical correctiveelement to ameliorate the approved user's high order aberrationscorresponding to Zernike polynomials of order 3 or order 4 or order 5 ororder 6 or higher.
 10. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabricationunit is configured to process and incorporate certain customizedcorrective parameters in the passive optical corrective element tocompensate for one or more aberrations characterized by aspatially-sampled wavefront error.
 11. The system of claim 1 whereinsaid fabrication unit is configured to process and incorporate certaincustomized corrective parameters in the passive optical correctiveelement to compensate for a known radial distortion or calibratedaberration or wavefront error of the particular direct-viewing opticaldevice.
 12. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit isconfigured to create a passive optical corrective element in accordancewith installation specifications that facilitate its removable insertionas an operative component to produce a specified wavefront change at anexit pupil in one of the following types of particular direct-viewingoptical device: microscope, telescope, binoculars, weapon sight, gunsight, medical instrument, diagnostic tool, manufacturing inspectiondevice, head-mounted, body-mounted, hand-held, independently supported.13. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit is configured toprocess and incorporate certain customized corrective parameters in thepassive optical corrective element to ameliorate an aberration of aright eye or left eye or both eyes of the approved user.
 14. The systemof claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit is configured to includeindicia or marking on the passive optical corrective element thatestablishes identity of the approved user correlated with the customizedcorrective parameters.
 15. The system of claim 1 wherein saidfabrication unit is configured to include indicia or marking thatestablishes identity of the particular direct-viewing optical deviceintended for removable installation of the passive optical correctiveelement.
 16. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit isconfigured to create a passive optical corrective element in accordancewith installation specifications that facilitate its removable insertionin one of the following components of the particular direct-viewingoptical device: eyepiece, insert between a user's eye and an eyepiece,insert between an eyepiece and a remainder optical device portion, righteye component, left eye component, both eyes component.
 17. The systemof claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit is configured to create apassive optical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications that include a definitive external size and/or shapecorresponding to a mounting receptacle of the particular direct-viewingoptical device.
 18. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unitis configured to create a passive optical corrective element that iscapable of being recycled for future usage after its withdrawal as anoperative component of the particular direct-viewing device.
 19. Thesystem of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit is configured to createa passive optical corrective element that is capable of beingrewriteable for future usage after its withdrawal as an operativecomponent of the particular direct-viewing device.
 20. The system ofclaim 1 wherein said fabrication unit is configured to create a passiveoptical corrective element that is intended to be disposable after itswithdrawal as an operative component of the particular direct-viewingdevice.
 21. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit isconfigured to create a passive optical corrective element that iscapable of removable installation in more than one specific or more thanone type of particular direct-viewing optical device.
 22. The system ofclaim 1 wherein said fabrication unit is configured to create a passiveoptical corrective element that is capable of removable installation inonly one specific or only one type of particular direct-viewing opticaldevice.
 23. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit islocated in close proximity to the particular direct-viewing opticaldevice.
 24. The system of claim 1 wherein said fabrication unit islocated in a remote location relative to the particular direct-viewingoptical device.
 25. The system of claim 1 wherein said interface moduleis located in close proximity to the fabrication unit.
 26. The system ofclaim 1 wherein said interface is located in a remote location relativeto the fabrication unit.
 27. The system of claim 1 wherein saidinterface module is adapted to receive eye measurement data indicativeof one or more optical aberrations of the approved user.
 28. The systemof claim 27 further comprising: a processing module operably connectedto the interface module and configured for processing the received eyemeasurement data in a manner to generate the customized correctiveparameters incorporated in the passive optical corrective element. 29.The system of claim 1 wherein said interface module is adapted toreceive informational data indicative of one or more optical aberrationscharacterized by a spatially-sampled wavefront error of the approveduser.
 30. The system of claim 29 further comprising: a processing moduleoperably connected to the interface module and configured for processingthe received spatially-sampled wavefront error data in a manner togenerate the customized corrective parameters incorporated in thepassive optical corrective element.
 31. The system of claim 1 whereinsaid fabrication unit includes at least one of the following types ofoptical fabrication techniques for creating the passive opticalcorrective element: physical vapor deposition (PVD), photolithography,molding, injection molding, replication, casting, vacuum casting, ionbeam, chemical etching, selective etching, masking, magnetorheological(MR) polishing, grinding, polishing, laser ablation.
 32. A fabricationmethod for replaceable corrective elements in a direct-viewing opticaldevice, comprising: creating a passive optical corrective element inaccordance with installation specifications that facilitate itsremovable insertion as an operative component in a particulardirect-viewing optical device; obtaining informational data regardingcustomized corrective optical parameters correlated with an approveduser of the particular direct-viewing optical device; and processing theobtained informational data in a manner that enables a fabrication unitto incorporate such customized corrective optical parameters in thepassive optical corrective element. 33-44. (canceled)
 45. The method ofclaim 32 further comprising: placing indicia or marking on the passiveoptical corrective element that establishes identity of the approveduser correlated with the customized corrective parameters.
 46. Themethod of claim 32 further comprising: placing indicia or marking on thepassive optical corrective element that establishes identity of theparticular direct-viewing optical device intended for removableinstallation of the passive optical corrective element.
 47. The methodof claim 32 wherein said creating the passive optical corrective elementin accordance with installation specifications includes: creating thepassive optical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications that facilitate its removable insertion in one of thefollowing components of the particular direct-viewing optical device:eyepiece, insert between a user's eye and an eyepiece, insert between aneyepiece and a remainder optical device portion, right eye component,left eye component, both eyes component.
 48. The method of claim 32wherein said creating the passive optical corrective element inaccordance with installation specifications includes: creating thepassive optical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications that include a definitive external size and/or shapecorresponding to a mounting receptacle of the particular direct-viewingoptical device. 49-51. (canceled)
 52. The method of claim 32 whereinsaid creating the passive optical corrective element in accordance withinstallation specifications includes: creating the passive opticalcorrective element that is capable of removable installation in morethan one specific or more than one type of particular direct-viewingoptical device.
 53. The method of claim 32 wherein said creating thepassive optical corrective element in accordance with installationspecifications includes: creating the passive optical corrective elementthat is capable of removable installation in only one specific or onlyone type of particular direct-viewing optical device. 54-58. (canceled)59. A computer program product comprising computer-readable media havingencoded instructions for executing a fabrication method for replaceablecorrective elements in a direct-viewing optical device, wherein themethod includes the following operations: creating a passive opticalcorrective element in accordance with installation specifications thatfacilitate its removable insertion as an operative component in aparticular direct-viewing optical device; obtaining informational dataregarding customized corrective optical parameters correlated with anapproved user of the particular direct-viewing optical device; andprocessing the obtained informational data to enable incorporation ofsuch customized corrective optical parameters in the passive opticalcorrective element.
 60. The computer program product of claim 59 furtherincluding encoded instructions for the following operation: enablingincorporation of certain customized corrective parameters in the passiveoptical corrective element to ameliorate low-order and/or high-orderaberrations of the approved user.
 61. The computer program product ofclaim 59 further including encoded instructions for the followingoperation: enabling incorporation of certain customized correctiveparameters in the passive optical corrective element to compensate foran operating condition or image property or viewing environment of theparticular direct-viewing optical device.
 62. The computer programproduct of claim 59 wherein said method feature obtaining informationaldata regarding customized corrective optical parameters includes:obtaining access to customized corrective parameters from an aberrationmeasurement unit or a data table or a database or an external source.63-80. (canceled)
 81. The computer program product of claim 59 whereinsaid method feature obtaining informational data regarding customizedcorrective optical parameters includes: receiving eye measurement dataindicative of one or more optical aberrations of the approved user, as abasis for determining the customized corrective optical parameters. 82.The computer program product of claim 81 further including encodedinstructions for the following operation: processing the received eyemeasurement data in a manner to generate the customized correctiveparameters incorporated in the passive optical corrective element. 83.The computer program product of claim 59 wherein said method featureobtaining informational data regarding customized corrective opticalparameters includes: receiving informational data indicative of one ormore optical aberrations characterized by a spatially-sampled wavefronterror of the approved user, as a basis for determining the customizedcorrective optical parameters.
 84. The computer program product of claim83 further including encoded instructions for the following operation:processing the received spatially-sampled wavefront error data in amanner to generate the customized corrective parameters incorporated inthe passive optical corrective element.
 85. The computer program productof claim 59 further including encoded instructions for the followingoperation: implementing at least one of the following types of opticalfabrication techniques for creating the passive optical correctiveelement: physical vapor deposition (PVD), photolithography, molding,injection molding, replication, casting, vacuum casting, ion beam,chemical etching, selective etching, masking, magnetorheological (MR)polishing, grinding, polishing, laser ablation.